Malaria in São Tomé and Prı́ncipe: parasite prevalences and vector densities

Pinto, João; Sousa, Carla A.; Gil, Vilfrido; Ferreira, C.; Gonçalves, Luzia; Lopes, Dinora; Petrarca, Vincenzo; Charlwood, Jacques Derek; Rosário, Virgílio Estólio do

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(00)00100-5

Cited by 53 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Most of the remaining population lives to the northeast of the capital in small villages along main roads close to the coast (Pinto et al, 2000). In the mountainous and forested south and southeast, human settlements are scarce or absent, and the southwestern part of the island is almost completely uninhabited.…”

Section: Collection Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In São Tomé, malaria is responsible for most hospital admissions and is the leading cause of child mortality. The only vector present is the forest cytoform of Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Pinto et al, 2000). Its origin on the island is likely to be contemporary with the first human settlements in the 15th century (Baptista, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its origin on the island is likely to be contemporary with the first human settlements in the 15th century (Baptista, 1996). The vector is largely confined to coastal areas, being virtually absent at altitudes above 200 m. It is intimately associated with humans, feeding predominately on them or their domestic animals, and breeding in sites located close to houses (Pinto et al, 2000;Sousa et al, 2001). In 1980-1982, the island was subjected to a malaria eradication programme based on intensive intradomicilliary DDT spraying and mass drug (chloroquine) distribution (Ceita, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this period, both malaria prevalence and A. gambiae densities inside houses were dramatically reduced. The subsequent disruption of the programme led to a severe epidemic with many fatalities and present malariological parameters have reached or even exceeded preintervention levels (Pinto et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An island within an island: genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae in São Tomé, West Africa, and its relevance to malaria vector control

et al. 2003

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Islands are choice settings for experimental studies of vector control strategies based on transgenic insects. Before considering this approach, knowledge of the population structure of the vector is essential. Genetic variation at 12 microsatellite loci was therefore studied in samples of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s., collected from six localities of Sã o Tomé island (West Africa). The objectives were (i) to assess the demographic stability and effective population size of A. gambiae from these sites, (ii) to determine population differentiation and (iii) to relate the observed patterns of population structure with geographic, ecological and historical aspects of the vector on the island.Significant population differentiation, revealed by F ST and R ST statistics, was found between the southernmost site, Porto Alegre, and northern localities. The observed patterns of population substructure are probably a result of restrictions to gene flow in the less inhabited, more densely forested and mountainous south. In all localities surveyed, A. gambiae appeared to be experiencing a demographic expansion, consistent with a relatively recent (ca. 500 years) founder effect. The results are discussed with respect to current and future prospects of malaria vector control.

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Section: Collection Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An island within an island: genetic differentiation of Anopheles gambiae in São Tomé, West Africa, and its relevance to malaria vector control

et al. 2003

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“…Transmission decreases with altitude: above 300 m of altitude the bio-ecology of the main vector (Anopheles gambiae) and the drop in the density of the human population cause the transmission to decline.". Although all four species of Plasmodium have been detected, (Ceita 1986, Martet et al 1991, Loureiro et al 1996, Baptista et al 1997, Lopes et al 2002, P. falciparum predominates with prevalence rates exceeding 70% in some districts before the recent intensification (Pinto et al 2000a). An.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%