Malaria following a blood exposure accident: about a case

Miloudi, Mouhcine; Adioui, Tarik; Sbaai, Mohammed; Fatihi, J.

doi:10.1684/abc.2017.1256

Cited by 1 publication

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“…5 To date, four more cases of occupational malaria have been reported, with a median delay of incubation of 14 (range 9-18) days, all without postexposure prophylaxis. [12][13][14][15] In the sole previously published case postexposure prophylaxis, 6 P. falciparum malaria occurred 17 days after inoculation (breaking a capillary hematocrit tube containing infected blood suspension in laboratory) despite treatment by chloroquine because of acquired resistance of the strain. The potential better efficacy of ACT here is probably due to a higher schizonticidal activity than chloroquine, and such a high schizonticidal activity is probably required after exposure to parasitemic blood, 7 in which the most abundant parasitic stage corresponded to trophozoites forming in schizonts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: Could Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy Prevent Occupational Malaria following Blood Exposure?

Minard

Touche

Delavelle

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Postexposure prophylaxis using artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) was prescribed to a malarianaive nurse who experienced an injury with a hollow needle previously used on a patient admitted for severe imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria (blood parasitemia 10.8%). Artemether-lumefantrine, four tablets twice daily for 3 days, was started 12 hours after exposure, and no side effects were reported. During the six following months, she only developed one episode of fever that was associated with pyelonephritis. Biological follow-up, based on blood smears, molecular biology, and serology, did not evidence P. falciparum malaria. This case suggests that ACT can prevent occupational P. falciparum malaria following needle-stick injury. We found evidence of only one other unpublished similar case where a Turkish resident doctor did not develop malaria after postexposure prophylaxis using ACT. Such a prophylaxis could be prescribed not only in case of occupational exposure to Plasmodium spp. in nonvector-borne laboratory-acquired infections but also following blood exposure in healthcare setting.

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