Malaria Diagnosis Using Automated Analysers: A Boon for Hematopathologists in Endemic Areas

Singh, Aminder; Narang, Vikram; Sood, Neena; Garg, Bhavna; Gupta, Vikram Kumar

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2015/15108.6696

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Sharma et al56 in their study reported the age range of patients between 5 and 60 years and maximum cases in 14 and 25 years range whereas Singh et al60 enrolled patients aged from 1 to 85 years of age with mean age being 33.6 years. [8,9] In present study, a total of 92 (83.6%) of the cases were Sysmex positive. Adlekha et al14 found them to be positive in 24 out of 39 cases (61.5%) whereas Wever et al48 in their study reported the positivity rate to be as high as 96%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Flagging Of Malaria Parasite In Hematology Analyzer With Its Correlation On Peripheral Smear And Rapid Diagnostic KIT

Ayyub¹,

Kumar²,

Dutta³

et al. 2018

AIMDR

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Background: Malaria has long been known to human populations from across the world. Malaria remains the most important parasitic disease worldwide. Malaria is a potential medical emergency and should be treated accordingly. Routinely malaria is diagnosed using a combination of clinical observations, case history, and diagnostic tests, principally microscopic examination of stained slides. The objective of this study is to detect the flagging of malaria parasite in sysmex with correlation in peripheral smear and kit so that early detection of Malaria can be done with the most accurate result in lesser duration and cost. Among 99 positive cases, 85 were positive for P. vivax, 9 were positive for P. falciparum and 6 were positive for mixed infection. As compared to RDT, Sysmex flagging had 90.4% sensitivity; 56.3% specificity; 92.4% positive predictive value; 50.0% negative predictive value and 84.5% accuracy for detection of malarial parasite. Whereas when compared to PBS, Sysmex flagging had 90.9% sensitivity; 81.8% specificity; 97.8% positive predictive value; 50.0% negative predictive value and 90% accuracy for detection of malarial parasite. Sysmex flagging had moderate and significant agreement with both RDT and PBS assessments. Flagging had a detection rate of 66.7%, 94.1% and 80% respectively for P. falciparum, P. vivax and mixed infections. Conclusion: The findings of present study showed that Sysmex flagging is a cost-effective highly efficacious tool for screening of malaria parasite and it showed a high level of agreement with conventionally used laboratory tests as well as peripheral blood smear.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 45%

Flagging Of Malaria Parasite In Hematology Analyzer With Its Correlation On Peripheral Smear And Rapid Diagnostic KIT

Ayyub¹,

Kumar²,

Dutta³

et al. 2018

AIMDR

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“…To reduce analytical time and improve accuracy, automation of the malaria diagnostic process is highly desirable. Automated haematology analysers can offer fast, sensitive and cost-effective assessment of all suspected malaria cases [16]. Several studies have identified unusual light scatter patterns generated during routine full blood count (FBC) analysis of malaria-infected blood samples [17–20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proposed that these atypical scattergrams are due to white blood cells (WBC), which scatter light differently after they have phagocytosed the parasite and contain birefringent haemozoin pigment [17, 21, 22]. Such evidence is diagnostically impressive; however, these findings only suggest the diagnosis and confirmation by microscopic assessment of a peripheral blood smear will still be mandatory [16]. Also, intra-erythrocytic haemozoin has been detected using specialized flow cytometry methods, however, it is not optimal for diagnosis of P. falciparum malaria since the circulating ring forms of the parasite contain minimal amounts of haemozoin [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of automated malaria diagnosis using the Sysmex XN-30 analyser in a clinical setting

Pillay

Khodaiji

Bezuidenhout

et al. 2019

Malar J

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BackgroundEarly and accurate diagnosis of malaria is a critical aspect of efforts to control the disease, and several diagnostic tools are available. Microscopic assessment of a peripheral blood smear enables direct visualization of parasites in infected red blood cells and is the clinical diagnostic gold standard. However, it is subjective and requires a high level of skill. Numerous indirect detection methods are in use, but are not ideal since surrogate markers of infection are measured. This study describes the first clinical performance evaluation of the automated Sysmex XN-30 analyser, which utilizes fluorescence flow cytometry to directly detect and quantitate parasite-infected red blood cells.ResultsResidual EDTA blood samples from suspected malaria cases referred for routine diagnosis were analysed on the XN-30. Parasitaemia was reported as a percentage, as well as absolute numbers of infected red blood cells, and scattergrams provided a visual image of the parasitized red blood cell clusters. The results reported by the XN-30 correlated with microscopy and the analyser demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity. Measurements were reproducible and storage of samples at room temperature did not affect the parameters. Several Plasmodium species were detected, including Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale. The XN-30 also identified the transmissible gametocytes as a separate cluster on the scattergrams. Abnormal red blood cell indices (low haemoglobin and raised reticulocyte counts), haemoglobinopathies and thrombocytopenia did not interfere with the detection of parasites. The XN-30 also generated a concurrent full blood count for each sample.ConclusionsThe novel technology of the Sysmex XN-30 provides a robust, rapid, automated and accurate platform for diagnosing malaria in a clinical setting. The objective enumeration of red blood cells infected with Plasmodium species makes it suitable for global use and allows monitoring of the parasite load once therapy has been initiated, thereby providing an early marker of drug resistance. The automated generation of a full blood count for each sample provides an opportunity for detecting unsuspected cases. Asymptomatic carriers can also be identified, which will be useful in blood transfusion centres, and will enable treatment of these individuals to prevent the spread of the disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2655-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…As all forms of parasites are present in P. vivax infection, contrary to what was observed with P. falciparum, the events highlighted with blue are seen more frequently in the first. 7 It is important to clarify that these patterns only suggest the presence of parasites of the genus Plasmodium, it is necessary to resort to confirmatory techniques to establish a diagnosis.…”

Section: In the Wbc / Baso Channel Events Highlighted In Blue In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the DIFF channel, it is noticed events with scattering in the specific magnitude that the analyzer classifies as eosinophils. 6,7 Pseudoeosinophilia does not provide conclusive information as an isolated value, the complementary analysis of the events in quadrant (III) of the WBC/BASO chart generates enough elements to justify the performance of confirmatory tests such as thick drop, even more in the context of the febrile patient.…”

Section: In the Wbc / Baso Channel Events Highlighted In Blue In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and follow-up of a Plasmodium vivax malaria case through the Sysmex XT-1800i® hematology analyzer

Fallas-Mora¹,

Cordero-Montero²,

Sánchez-Barahona³

et al. 2019

IJMBOA

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Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. It is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium sp., which enter humans through the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. Automated hematology analyzers based on flow cytometry have been widely used to aid in the diagnosis of malaria, based on the existence of alterations in the scatter plots that suggest the presence of parasites of the genus Plasmodium. The case of a 55-year-old male patient is presented, worker from a Costa Rican rural zone, correlating the alterations in channel DIFF and WBC/BASO of the Sysmex XT-1800i® hematological analyzer with what was found in the thick drop. The objective of this case report is to demonstrate the utility of hematological analyzers in the detection of relapses, reinfections and follow-up in patients diagnosed with malaria.

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Malaria Diagnosis Using Automated Analysers: A Boon for Hematopathologists in Endemic Areas

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Flagging Of Malaria Parasite In Hematology Analyzer With Its Correlation On Peripheral Smear And Rapid Diagnostic KIT

Flagging Of Malaria Parasite In Hematology Analyzer With Its Correlation On Peripheral Smear And Rapid Diagnostic KIT

Evaluation of automated malaria diagnosis using the Sysmex XN-30 analyser in a clinical setting

Diagnosis and follow-up of a Plasmodium vivax malaria case through the Sysmex XT-1800i® hematology analyzer

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