Malaria determining risk factors at the household level in two rural villages of mainland Equatorial Guinea

Guerra, Mónica; Sousa, Bruno de; Ndong-Mabale, Nicolás; Berzosa, Pedro; Arez, Ana Paula

doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2354-x

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Another fact is that, during hot weather in tropical regions, some individuals do not like to use ITN to protect themselves against mosquito bites. A study conducted by Guerra and colleagues [31] showed that, of the 40% of participants owning ITN in the Guinean village of Miyobo, only 36% ITN users has been consistently using this preventive measure. However, in this study, consistency in ITN use was not investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with household malaria burden in the Congo

Ngatu

Kanbara

Renzaho

et al. 2019

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Malaria is one of the most severe public health issues that result in massive morbidity and mortality in most countries of the sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study aimed to determine the scope of household, accessibility to malaria care and factors associated with household malaria in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Methods This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in an urban and a rural sites in which 152 households participated, including 82 urban and 70 rural households (1029 members in total). The ‘malaria indicator questionnaire’ (MIQ) was anonymously answered by household heads (respondents), reporting on malaria status of household members in the last 12 months. Results There were 67.8% of households using insecticide-treated bed nets (ITN) only, 14.0% used indoor residual spraying (IRS) only, 7.3% used ordinary bed nets (without insecticide treatment), 1.4% used mosquito repelling cream, 2.2% combined ITN and IRS, whereas 7.3% of households did not employ any preventive measure; p < 0.01). In addition, 96.7% of households were affected by malaria (at least one malaria case), and malaria frequency per household was relatively high (mean: 4.5 ± 3.1 cases reported) in the last 12 months. The mean individual malaria care expenditure was relatively high (101.6 ± 10.6 USD) in the previous 12 months; however, the majority of households (74.5%) earned less than 50 USD monthly. In addition, of the responders who suffered from malaria, 24.1% did not have access to malaria care at a health setting. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis with adjustment for age, education level and occupation showed that household size (OR = 1.43 ± 0.13; 95% CI 1.18–1.73; p < 0.001), inappropriate water source (OR = 2.41 ± 0.18; 95% CI 1.17–2.96; p < 0.05) absence of periodic water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention in residential area (OR = 1.63 ± 1.15; 95% CI 1.10–2.54; p < 0.05), and rural residence (OR = 4.52 ± 2.47; 95% CI 1.54–13.21; p < 0.01) were associated with household malaria. Conclusion This study showed that household size, income, WASH status and rural site were malaria-associated factors. Scaling up malaria prevention through improving WASH status in the residential environment may contribute to reducing the disease burden.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with household malaria burden in the Congo

Ngatu

Kanbara

Renzaho

et al. 2019

Malar J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends IPT in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in all areas of Africa with moderate to high malaria transmission. 4,5 In sub-Saharan Africa, 39 countries adopted IPTp between 1993 and 2007. 5 In addition, the concept of IPT has been extended to include infants (IPTi) and children (IPTc; now referred to as SMC (seasonal malaria chemoprevention)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to WHO data, malaria causes 15% of all deaths in children under age 5 in Equatorial Guinea. 4 Bioko, an island of Equatorial Guinea off the coast of Cameroon, has historically high malaria transmission. 6 The most recent studies focused on detecting the prevalence of mutations in Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt on Bioko Island.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Trends in Molecular Markers Associated with Resistance to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) Among <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> Isolates on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea: 2011–2017</p>

Lin¹,

Li²,

Huang

et al. 2020

IDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antimalarial drug resistance is one of the major challenges in global efforts to control and eliminate malaria. In 2006, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) replaced with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, in response to increasing SP resistance, which is associated with mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps) genes. Patients and Methods: To evaluate the trend of molecular markers associated with SP resistance on Bioko Island from 2011 to 2017, 179 samples collected during active case detection were analysed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results: Pfdhfr and Pfdhps gene sequences were obtained for 90.5% (162/179) and 77.1% (138/179) of the samples, respectively. For Pfdhfr, 97.5% (158/162), 95.7% (155/162) and 98.1% (159/162) of the samples contained N51I, C59R and S108N mutant alleles, respectively. And Pfdhps S436A, A437G, K540E, A581G, and A613S mutations were observed in 25.4% (35/138), 88.4% (122/138), 5.1% (7/138), 1.4% (2/138), and 7.2% (10/138) of the samples, respectively. Two classes of previously described Pfdhfr-Pfdhps haplotypes associated with SP resistance and their frequencies were identified: partial (IRNI-SGKAA, 59.4%) and full (IRNI-SGEAA, 5.5%) resistance. Although no significant difference was observed in different time periods (p>0.05), our study confirmed a slowly increasing trend of the frequencies of these SP-resistance markers in Bioko parasites over the 7 years investigated. Conclusion: The findings reveal the general existence of SP-resistance markers on Bioko Island even after the replacement of SP as a first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. Continuous molecular monitoring and additional control efforts in the region are urgently needed.

show abstract

“…None of these predisposing factors significantly contribute to the presence of malaria in these neonates. These predisposing factors have been shown to significantly contribute to malaria existence in adults ( Azunie, 2017 ; Essendi et al, 2019 ; Guerra et al, 2018 ; Musoke et al, 2018 ). The passively acquired immunity in the neonates may have been responsible for the protection in this current study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria among febrile neonates attending the neonatology unit of the Bamenda regional hospital

Nfor

Senyuy

2020

Parasite Epidemiology and Control

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Malaria remains the leading cause of infant’s mortality in malaria endemic countries like Cameroon. Due to the presence of passively acquired maternal antibodies, malaria in neonates was thought to be scarce. Consequently routine malaria checks are mostly not considered for febrile neonates. Nonetheless findings from malaria endemic areas have proven that malaria in neonates is not uncommon. This study is therefore designed to evaluate malaria among febrile neonates attending the neonatology unit of the Bamenda Regional Hospital. A structured questionnaire and laboratory diagnostic test methods were used for data collection. Maternal sociodemographic data and malaria predisposing factors for neonates with and without malaria were determined using sums and percentages of mean. Regression analysis was used to determine the effects of age of mother, parity, mother’s educational level, sex of neonate and malaria predisposing factors on malaria parasitaemia. Chi-square (and Fisher’s exact) test was used to calculate sensitivity (%), specificity (%), predictive values (%), likelihood ratios, odd ratios, relative risk and attributable risk. A total of 189 neonates were included in the study out of which 33 (17.46%) tested malaria positive. 54.55% (18/33) of the malaria positive neonates were˃ 3 – 4 weeks old, while only 09.09% (03/33) were within 0 – 1 week of age. Neonates who presented with both signs of “fever + refusal to feed” were found to be most likely (P = 0.0188) to test malaria positive. Based on these findings routine malaria test is recommended especially for all neonates who presents with both signs of “fever + refusal to feed”, in malaria endemic regions.

show abstract

Malaria determining risk factors at the household level in two rural villages of mainland Equatorial Guinea

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

Environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with household malaria burden in the Congo

Environmental and sociodemographic factors associated with household malaria burden in the Congo

<p>Trends in Molecular Markers Associated with Resistance to Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) Among <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> Isolates on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea: 2011–2017</p>

Malaria among febrile neonates attending the neonatology unit of the Bamenda regional hospital

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About