Malaria and hookworm co-infection and their effects on anaemia of pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in University Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Umeh, Jude Chimezie; Inyang-Etoh, PC; Okpokam, Dorathy Chioma; Otu-Bassey, Iquo Bassey

doi:10.3126/ajms.v9i3.19294

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Hookworm contributed to 0.3% of intestinal parasitic infections identified in the study. This results contrast with that of similar studies which reported higher prevalence of 3.0%, 7.0%, and 38.6%, respectively [ 6 , 7 , 22 ]. The low prevalence rate of hookworm infections observed in this study could be due to good sanitation and proper sewage disposal, as seen in the fact that many participants (78%) had their own toilet facilities rather than shared.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The late trimesters (second and third trimesters) were associated with increased odds of intestinal parasitic infections among women. This observation is consistent with previous findings where the second and third trimesters of pregnancy presented higher odds of intestinal parasite infections than their counterparts in their first trimester [ 6 , 22 ]. In contrast to these findings, Espinosa Aranzales and her colleagues have reported that stage of pregnancy had no association with intestinal parasitic infections [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Prevalence and Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Kasoa Polyclinic, Ghana

Abaka-Yawson

Sosu

Kwadzokpui

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Background. Intestinal parasitic infections affect pregnant women worldwide. The infection has been implicated in causing life-threatening conditions in both gravid women and their developing foetus. Sub-Saharan Africa is known to harbor the greatest proportion of intestinal parasitic infections largely due to socioeconomic and environmental factors. In Kasoa, Southern Ghana, there is paucity of data on the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Kasoa Polyclinic. Methods. A hospital based analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among three hundred (300) conveniently sampled pregnant women receiving antenatal care services at the Kasoa Polyclinic. Structured questionnaires were administered to the study participants to assess sociodemographic and other possible factors. Stool samples were collected from each pregnant woman and examined for the presence of intestinal parasites by microscopy using direct wet mount as well as formol-ether sedimentation techniques. Results. Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 14.3% (95% CI 11–19%). Entamoeba histolytica (5.0%) was the most predominant parasite species identified followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (4.3%), Giardia lamblia (2.3%), Trichuris trichiura (1.3%), Schistosoma mansoni (0.3%), Hookworm (0.3%), Hymenolepis nana (0.3%), and Isospora belli (0.3%). Age > 30 years (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.06–0.48; p=0.001), multigravidity (AOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19–0.97; p=0.043), and 2nd and 3rd trimesters (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI = 1.36–16.49; p=0.015) were independently associated with intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women. Conclusions. A prevalence of 14.3% pregnant women compared to previous studies in Ghana is relatively low. It however suggests that intestinal parasitic infection is still a problem. The major factors noted were age, gravidity, and gestational age. Routine stool examination and provision of public health education are recommended to prevent infection of pregnant mothers and their unborn babies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Kasoa Polyclinic, Ghana

Abaka-Yawson

Sosu

Kwadzokpui

et al. 2020

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…Hookworm ( N. americanus ) infection is widespread in sub‐Saharan Africa with prevalence of about 29% and affecting over 200 million people. 1 , 26 , 27 Since malaria ( P. falciparum ) and hookworm ( N. americanus ) infections often coincide geographically and their coinfections elicit complex immunomodulatory effects, 11 it is imperative to evaluate how their immune response interact. We have previously established that N. americanus ‐ P. falciparum coinfection increases IgG response to GMZ2 malaria vaccine candidate in the coinfected than those with only P. falciparum infection but albendazole treatment of hookworm‐malaria coinfected individuals resulted in significant reduction in antibody responses against GMZ2 malaria vaccine candidate and constituent antigens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Africa with prevalence of about 29% and affecting over 200 million people. 1,26,27 Since malaria (P. falciparum) and hookworm (N.…”

Section: Hookworm (N Americanus) Infection Is Widespread In Sub-saharanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmodium falciparum coinfection is associated with improved IgE and IgG3 response against hookworm antigens

Sakyi

Wilson

Adu

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background Plasmodium falciparum and Hookworm infections are prevalent in West Africa and they cause iron deficiency anemia and protein malnutrition in Children. Immune response of these parasites interact and their interactions could have repercussions on vaccine development and efficacy. The current goal of hookworm eradication lies on vaccination. We evaluated the effect of P. falciparum coinfection and albendazole treatment on naturally acquired antibody profile against hookworm L3 stage larvae antigen. Methods In a longitudinal study, 40 individuals infected with Necator americanus only, 63 participants infected with N. americanus and P. falciparum , and 36 nonendemic controls (NECs) were recruited. The study was done in the Kintampo North Metropolis of Ghana. Stool and blood samples were taken for laboratory analyses. Serum samples were obtained before hookworm treatment and 3 weeks after treatment. Results The malaria‐hookworm ( N. americanus and P. falciparum ) coinfected subjects had significantly higher levels of IgE ( β = 0.30, 95% CI = [0.12, 0.48], p = 0.023) and IgG3 ( β = 0.15, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.52], p = 0.004) compared to those infected with hookworm only ( N. americanus ). The N. americanus groups had significantly higher levels of IgG3 ( β = 0.39, 95% CI = [0.14–0.62], p = 0.002) compared to the control group. Similarly, N. americanus and P. falciparum coinfected participants had significantly higher levels of IgE ( β = 0.35, 95% CI = [0.70–0.39], p = 0.002) and IgG3 ( β = 0.54, 95% CI = [0.22–0.76], p = 0.002). Moreover, albendazole treatment led to a significant reduction in IgE, IgA, IgM, and IgG3 antibodies against hookworm L3 stage larvae ( p < 0.05) Conclusion P. falciparum is associated with improved IgE and IgG response against hookworm L3 stage larvae. Treatment with single dose of albendazole led to reduction in naturally acquired immune response against hookworm infection. Thus, P. falciparum infection may have a boosting effect on hookworm vaccine effectiveness.

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“…There is an urgent need to increase the uptake of IPTp in Nigeria. The low level of pregnant women offered IPD resonates with the little attention paid to the ght against intestinal parasites during pregnancy in Nigeria, the long clamour for its use to address this public health problem nothwithstanding [34,35]. Nigeria just like most Sub-Saharan Africa countries harbours the greatest proportion of global intestinal parasitic infections largely as a result of her socioeconomic and environmental challenges [36][37][38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multilevel Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo Poisson Modelling of Factors Associated With Number of Components of Antenatal Care Offered Pregnant Women In Nigeria

Fagbamigbe

Olaseinde

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The most recent WHO guideline on antenatal care (ANC) utilization reaffirmed the necessary and compulsory care and services a pregnant woman should receive to maximize the importance and gains of ANC. While most studies focused on the time of initiation and number of ANC contacts, emphasis was rarely placed on the components of ANC offered women. This study assessed the number of components of ANC received by pregnant women as a proxy for the quality of ANC services offered in Nigeria. We also assessed the clustering of the components and within-country differentials and inequalities in the components of ANC received in Nigeria.Methods: We used nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey. We analysed data of 11867 women who had at least one ANC contacts during the most recent pregnancy within five years preceding the survey. The assessed components were tetanus injection, blood pressure, urine test, blood test, iron supplement, malaria intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp), and told about danger signs. Others are intestinal parasite drugs (IPD)intermittent and HIV/PMTCT counsel. Descriptive statistics, bivariable and multivariable multilevel Bayesian Monte Carlo Poisson model were used. Results: In all, 94% had blood pressure measured, 91% received tetanus injection, had iron supplement-89%, blood test-87%, urine test-86%, IPTp-24%, danger signs-80%, HIV/PMTC-82% and IPD-22%. The overall prevalence of receiving all 9 components was 5% and highest in Ogun (24%) and lowest in Kebbi (0.1%). The earlier the initiation of ANC, the higher the number of contacts, and the higher the quality of ANC received. Respondents with higher education have 4% (adjusted incidence risk ratio (aIRR): 1.04, 95% credible interval (CrI): 1.01-1.09) higher risk of receiving more components of ANC relative to those with no education. The risk of receiving more ANC components were 5% (aIRRR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.10) higher among pregnant women aged 40 to 49 years than those aged 15 to 19 years. Women who decide their healthcare utilization alone had 2% higher risk of getting more components than those whose spouses are the only decision taker of health care use. Other significant factors were household wealth status, spouse education, ethnicity, place of ANC, and skill of ANC provider. Pregnant women who had their blood pressure measured were very likely to have blood and urine tests, tetanus injection, iron supplement, and HIV talks.Conclusions: Only one in every 20 pregnant women received all the 9 ANC components with wide disparities and inequalities across the background characteristics and the States of residence in Nigeria. There is a need to ensure that all pregnant women receive adequate components. Stakeholders should increase supplies, train, and create awareness among ANC providers and pregnant women in particular.

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Malaria and hookworm co-infection and their effects on anaemia of pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in University Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence and Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Kasoa Polyclinic, Ghana

Prevalence and Determinants of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Pregnant Women Receiving Antenatal Care in Kasoa Polyclinic, Ghana

Plasmodium falciparum coinfection is associated with improved IgE and IgG3 response against hookworm antigens

A Multilevel Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo Poisson Modelling of Factors Associated With Number of Components of Antenatal Care Offered Pregnant Women In Nigeria

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