Malaria and anaemia in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of pregnant women in rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria

Ugwu, Emmanuel Onyebuchi; Dim, Cyril Chukwudi; Uzochukwu, Benjamin; Iloghalu, Emeka Ifeanyi; Ugwu, Angela Ogechukwu

doi:10.1093/inthealth/ihu009

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is possible that this intervention had contributed to the observed reduction in anemia prevalence. Furthermore, the anemia prevalence in this study is far lower than findings of recent studies from urban (64.1%),[ 13 ] and rural (69.3%)[ 31 ] areas of Enugu state, Nigeria. Nutritional anemia especially iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia, and it is related to socioeconomic status.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…[ 27 ] The marked disparity is unexpected and difficult to explain, however, measurement bias cannot be ruled out from the earlier study which showed that the average HCT of its pregnant population was higher than that of nonpregnant control – an unusual finding because of the hemodilution associated with pregnancy that is responsible for a lower cut-off for anemia in pregnancy when compared to nonpregnant population. [ 1 2 ] On the other hand, the average HCT in this study is expectedly higher than 29.6% observed from rural communities in Enugu,[ 31 ] which may support the explanation above as regards women's social status and HCT. Furthermore, the average HCT found in this study is higher than 30.2%, and 33.0% reported from Lagos,[ 32 ] and Ibadan,[ 33 ] respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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Hematocrit, anemia, and arm preference for blood sample collection: A cross-sectional study of pregnant women in Enugu, South-Eastern, Nigeria

Dim¹,

Ugwu²,

Dim³

et al. 2015

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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Background:Anemia in pregnancy is a common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Regular review of hematocrit (HCT) and anemia patterns in pregnancy is necessary in our environment.Aim:The aim was to determine the average HCT, prevalence, and pattern of anemia, as well the arm preferences for blood sample collection among pregnant women in Enugu, South East Nigeria.Subjects and Methods:HCT was determined using venous blood of 200 antenatal women at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria. Questionnaires were used to assess participants’ arm preference for blood sample collection for clinical investigations. Data analysis was descriptive and inferential at 95% confidence level.Results:Participants’ mean HCT was 33.3 (3.7%). The average HCT in second trimester 33.3% (3.76%) was significantly lower than that of third trimester (34.6 [3.4%], P = 0.01,). Prevalence of anemia was 28.0% (56/200), and a majority (94.6%, 53/56) of anemic women belong to the mild category. Only parity groups had a significant association with anemia in pregnancy (P = 0.04). None of the participants reported being asked about her arm preference during blood collection for routine antenatal investigations. One hundred and five (52.5%) women expressed preference for either left (34.5%, 69/200) or right arm (18.0%, 36/200) for blood sample collection.Conclusion:The average HCT among pregnant women at the UNTH, Enugu Nigeria was within normal range and the prevalence of anemia was relatively low. The majority of women expressed a preference for either right or left arm for blood sample collection for clinical investigations and would wish their choices sought for and respected.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Hematocrit, anemia, and arm preference for blood sample collection: A cross-sectional study of pregnant women in Enugu, South-Eastern, Nigeria

Dim¹,

Ugwu²,

Dim³

et al. 2015

Ann Med Health Sci Res

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“…Anaemia is also a common manifestation, particularly in infants with P. vivax and in children with P. knowlesi infection [51][52][53]. Anaemia is one of the most common complications in malaria infection, especially in younger children and pregnant women in high transmission areas [54,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological Profile of Children With Malaria in Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia

Jiero

Pasaribu²

2021

Preprint

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Background Malaria remains a major public health problem in Indonesian Papua, with children under five years of age being the most affected group. Haematological changes, such as cytopenia that occur during malaria infection have been suggested as potential predictors and can aid in the diagnosis of malaria. This study aimed to assess the haematological alterations associated with malaria infection in children presenting with signs and symptoms of malaria.Methods A retrospective study was performed by collecting data from the medical records of malaria patients at Sorong Regional General Hospital, Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia, both from outpatient and inpatient clinics, from January 2014 until December 2017. The laboratory profile of children suffering from malaria was evaluated. Results One hundred and eighty-two children aged 1 month to 18 years old were enrolled. The subjects were mostly male (112, 61.5%) with a mean age of 6.45 years (SD = 4.3 years). Children below 5 years of age suffered the most from malaria in this study (77,42.3%). One hundred two subjects (56%) were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Half of the enrolled subjects (50%) had haemoglobin level (Hb) between 5.1 and 10 gr/dL. A total of 41 children (53.2%) less than 5 years old suffered from P. falciparum infection. In the age group of 5-10 years, there were 34 children (57.6%) who suffered from P. falciparum, and in the age group >10 years, 27 children (58.7%) suffered from P. falciparum infection. Only 4 subjects (5.2%) in the less than 5 years old age group had mixed malaria infection. Among eight predictors of the haematological profile, there were five predictors that were significantly associated with the diagnostic criteria, namely haemoglobin, haematocrit, leukocytes, platelets and monocytes (p <0.05). Generally, clinical symptoms are not significantly associated with a malaria diagnosis, and only one variable showed a significant relationship, pale, with a P value of 0.001. Conclusions Children with malaria had changes in some haematological markers, with anaemia, low platelet count, white blood count, and lymphocyte count being the most important predictors of malaria infection in the study area. These markers could be used to raise suspicion of malaria in children living in hogh endemic areas, such as West Papua.

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“…Anemia is also a common manifestation, particularly in infants with P. vivax and in children with P. knowlesi infection [44][45][46]. Anemia is one of the most common complications in malaria infection, especially in younger children and pregnant women in high transmission areas [41,47]. The pathogenesis of anemia during malaria infection is not clearly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological Profile of Children With Malaria in Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia

Jiero

Pasaribu

2020

Preprint

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Background: Malaria remains a major public health problem in Indonesian Papua, with children under five years of age being the most affected group. Hematological changes such as cytopenia that occur during malaria infection have been suggested as potential predictors and can aid in the diagnosis of malaria. This study aimed to assess the hematological alterations associated with malaria infection in children presenting with signs and symptoms of malaria. Methods: A retrospective study was performed by collecting data from the medical records of malaria patients at Sorong Regional General Hospital, Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia, both from outpatient and inpatient clinics, from January 2014 until December 2017. The laboratory profile of children suffering from malaria was evaluated. Results: One hundred and eighty-two children aged 1 month to 18 years old were enrolled. The subjects were mostly male (112, 61.5%) with a mean age of 6.45 years (SD = 4.3 years). Children <5 years suffering from malaria had the highest number at 77 (42.3%). One hundred two subjects (56%) were infected with Plasmodium falciparum. Half of the enrolled subjects (50%) had hemoglobin level (Hb) between 5.1 and 10 gr/dL. A total of 41 children (53.2%) less than 5 years old suffered from P. falciparum infection. In the age group of 5-10 years, there were 34 children (57.6%) who suffered from P. falciparum, and in the age group >10 years, 27 children (58.7%) suffered from P. falciparum infection. Only 4 subjects (5.2%) in the less than 5 years old age group had mixed malaria infection. Of the eight parameters of the hematological profile, there were five parameters that were significantly associated with the diagnostic criteria, namely hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, platelets and monocytes (p <0.05). Generally, clinical symptoms are not significantly associated with a malaria diagnosis, and only one variable showed a significant relationship, pale, with a p value of 0.001. Conclusions: Children with malaria had changes in some hematological parameters, with anemia, low platelet count, white blood count, and lymphocyte count being the most important predictors of malaria infection in our study area. These parameters could improve malaria diagnosis when used in combination with other clinical diagnoses and microscopy.

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Malaria and anaemia in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study of pregnant women in rural communities of Southeastern Nigeria

Abstract: The prevalence of malaria and anaemia is very high in the Nkanu West LGA of Enugu State, Nigeria. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and anaemia in pregnancy should be intensified in rural settings of Enugu state and Nigeria as a whole.

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

Hematocrit, anemia, and arm preference for blood sample collection: A cross-sectional study of pregnant women in Enugu, South-Eastern, Nigeria

Hematocrit, anemia, and arm preference for blood sample collection: A cross-sectional study of pregnant women in Enugu, South-Eastern, Nigeria

Hematological Profile of Children With Malaria in Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia

Hematological Profile of Children With Malaria in Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia

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