Maladaptive repetitive thought as a transdiagnostic phenomenon and treatment target: An integrative review

Abstract

The paper concludes with recommendations for future basic and intervention research on maladaptive RT and related psychopathologies.

Wish you were here: The Dutch, German, and English Yearning in Situations of Loss Short Form

“…Moreover, the positive associations between YSL‐SF scores and loss‐related avoidance suggest that yearning may play a role in the cognitive avoidance of aspects of the loss that are most difficult to confront, such as the permanence of separation from the deceased (Boelen et al, 2006). Indeed, yearning has been conceptualized as a repetitive thought process (Kaplan et al, 2018), and such processes (i.e., worry, rumination) have been found to be linked with the avoidance of internal experiences (Naragon‐Gainey, McMahon, & Chacko, 2017). Potentially, recurrent cognitive activity after loss serves to cognitively suppress more threatening loss‐related cognitions (Eisma, de Lang, & Boelen, in press; Eisma & Stroebe, 2017; Eisma et al, 2013).…”

“…Examining its definition in more detail first, it can be surmised that yearning can best be described as a cognitive‐affective process (Boddez, 2018; Kaplan et al, 2018; O'Connor & Sussman, 2014; Robinaugh et al, 2016). Conceptually, it appears useful to distinguish the cognitive components of yearning from its affective components, as many effective cognitive‐behavioral CG treatments specifically target cognitive processes to achieve changes in affective disturbances (e.g., Boelen, de Keijser, van den Hout, & van den Bout, 2007; Shear, Frank, Houck, & Reynolds, 2005).…”

Yearning predicts subgenual anterior cingulate activity in bereaved individuals

“…These symptoms share important qualities. For one, both rumination and yearning (in the context of grief), are experienced as uncontrollable, have a negative valence and are self-focused ( Kaplan et al., 2018 ). Activation in these two populations may indicate that the sgACC reflects the degree, or uncontrollability, of the repetitive thought pattern elicited by these psychological events.…”

Heritability in social anxiety disorder and its impact on executive functioning, facial expression recognition, and symptomatic profile

“…On the other hand, factors that might be considered protectors for the development of mental disorders, such as reappraisal and social support, did not present negative significant correlation with anxiety disorders, as expected. Reappraisal and social support are essential therapeutic goals in some effective treatments for negative repetitive thoughts, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Kaplan et al, 2018). However, in these treatments, reappraisal and social support are offered considering individual necessities and specific techniques.…”

“…For example, using suppression as a coping strategy to NRT is related to worse symptomatology and worse prognostic in mental disorders (Fox, Dutton, Yates, Geourgiou & Mouchilianitis, 2015;Shimizu & Shimizu, 2015). On the other hand, the reappraisal is a crucial coping strategy used in effective treatment to NRT (Kaplan et al, 2018), related to better outcome.…”