“…The use of force also tends to be a factor in such deaths, and in England and Wales this typically manifests itself as the use of physical restraint by police officers (IPCC, 2016). Cases of DAPC, then, tend to be contentious due the disproportionately high number of people who die from a combination of the factors noted above (Razack, 2015, Anaïs, 2014. It might not be surprising, therefore, to note that when ED is mooted as a cause of death, this is qualified by its presence within a constellation of symptoms (RCEM, 2016, Hall et al 2013, Storey, 2012, Vilke et al 2012, IAP 2010 underlining equivocal causality in cases of DAPC.…”