Making Sense of Vitamin D Concentrations

Musteata, Florin Marcel

doi:10.4155/fso.15.90

Future Sci. OA

2016

DOI: 10.4155/fso.15.90

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Making Sense of Vitamin D Concentrations

Florin Marcel Musteata

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Cited by 3 publications

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“…The controversy could be explained by diverse factors such as the lack of assessment of longterm, overall vitamin D intake as a dietary source, or a long-term evaluation of vitamin D levels; the sometimes unavailable measurement of inactive and active metabolites; the complexity of vitamin D metabolism and the variation of the methodology of measurement; and the high inter-individual variability in vitamin distribution between carrier proteins and target receptors (18). Many trials are ongoing in an attempt to clarify the impact of vitamin D in different physiological or medical aspects.…”

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Vitamin D: the tricky hormone

Borba

2017

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

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Vitamin D, a pre-hormone produced in the skin under sunlight exposure, undergoes various metabolic steps until its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is formed. The intermediary form, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), is the recommended form for monitoring vitamin D status. The presence of 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in many cells indicates a possible local ability to synthesize 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active metabolite of vitamin D, which has turned the attention of the medical community to the noncalcemic effects of vitamin D (1). In recent decades, several studies have demonstrated the association of circulating 25OHD levels with different diseases, their activity, and health conditions. A positive association was found in several disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its activity (2); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (3); inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (4); systemic sclerosis; endocrine disorders; cancer; immune; cardiovascular and other chronic diseases (1,5); despite the presence of numerous positive observational studies, causation studies are lacking. A few good-quality randomized controlled studies on vitamin D supplementation in diverse disease endpoints show a modest effect on blood pressure, glycemic control, cancer, and immune response (5,6).Hypovitaminosis D is highly frequent worldwide and in Brazil, the prevalence ranges from 16% to 80% depending on the latitude and the population studied (1,7). Although low levels of vitamin D are present in different diseases, infertile women studied in the article by Lopes and cols. (8) and also by others (9) did not show lower levels compared to controls. The literature in the field is ambiguous, showing both the importance of its adequate level and the lack of effect in infertility issues, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, myoma-induced infertility, male infertility, premature ovary failure and in vitro fertilization techniques (10,11). Interestingly, however, Lopes and cols. (8) pointed out the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a young premenopausal population, which is in agreement with the low vitamin D levels described for postmenopausal and older women in Brazil. Vitamin D and its level of impact on fertility is a matter to be defined. This controversy points out the wide effect of vitamin D and the need for a better understanding of its metabolism.Nolasco and cols. (12) showed a positive effect of vitamin D on pulmonary function in healthy postmenopausal women participating in an aquatic exercise program. Low vitamin D levels were previously described in pulmonary diseases as well as their

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confidence: 99%

Vitamin D: the tricky hormone

Borba

2017

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

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Measuring and Using Free Drug Concentrations: Has There Been ‘Real’ Progress?

Musteata

2017

Bioanalysis

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Transdermal Sampling of Vitamin D ₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₃

Mall

Musteata

2018

Bioanalysis

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Aim: Transdermal analysis is proposed for vitamin D3 and its hydroxylated metabolite to overcome problems associated with blood analysis. Methods: Vitamin D3 was extracted directly from skin with solid patches and liquid phases. Deuterium-labeled vitamin D3 was added to the extraction solutions to compensate for variability and accurately determine the rate of transdermal transfer. Of the different extraction solvents tested, 50:50 octanol:isopropanol showed the best results, with an accuracy of 115% and reproducibility better than 30%. Conclusion: The research shows that transdermal route can be used for analysis of vitamin D3 in porcine skin. When microneedles are used, accurate measurements were obtained in 1 h. With intact skin, the highest accuracy was obtained when extraction was done for 2 h.

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Making Sense of Vitamin D Concentrations

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Vitamin D: the tricky hormone

Vitamin D: the tricky hormone

Measuring and Using Free Drug Concentrations: Has There Been ‘Real’ Progress?

Transdermal Sampling of Vitamin D ₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₃

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Making Sense of Vitamin D Concentrations

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Vitamin D: the tricky hormone

Vitamin D: the tricky hormone

Measuring and Using Free Drug Concentrations: Has There Been ‘Real’ Progress?

Transdermal Sampling of Vitamin D 3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3

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Transdermal Sampling of Vitamin D ₃ and 25-hydroxyvitamin D ₃