Making Porous Metals

Tailoring green and sintered density of pure iron parts using binder jetting additive manufacturing

“…The driving force behind sintering is dependent on crossing the activation energy barrier that promotes volumetric diffusion [8], such that keeping the system at one temperature for longer and longer durations will enable sintering until the total system energy is reduced to the minimum. In the temperature range for sintering studied here, volumetric diffusion is occurring as the activation energy for pure iron is in the range of 1000  1200°C [62]. Overall, these results indicate that tailoring of the final…”

Using Powder Metallurgy and Oxide Reduction to Produce Eco‐Friendly Bulk Nanoporous Nickel

“…[50] The remaining "core" of intact material after compression testing was still mechanically stable and easily handled without breaking. It is important to emphasize these samples were never heated above 400 °C (0.39 T M , Ni), which is lower than recommended for making even porous metals by PM [51] and which limits mechanical integrity in general. Higher temperatures may improve the mechanical response but associated coarsening would need to be considered as well.…”

Production and characterization of copper periodic open cellular structures made by 3D printing‐replica technique

“…Binders and polymeric structure are removed by a low temperature treatment, at 450°C in air (heating and cooling rate of 5°C·min −1 ). Thus, a first tentative thermal treatment temperature was chosen according to two basic considerations: (a) the sintering process occurs below the melting point, (b) the sintering temperature was set higher than 2/3 of the melting temperature, as reported in literature 40,41 . Accordingly, the temperature was set to 900°C for consolidating the copper powder (heating rate of 8°C·min −1 and overnight cooling).…”