Making of Free Cutting Austenitic Stainless Steels with Additions of Sulfur, Rare Earth and Bismuth

Wang, Zhiyuan; Shao, Zhenyao; Li, Zhuang; Zhang, Hongliang; Wang, Jijie; Zhang, Hecheng; Yuan, Jingyun

doi:10.2991/icadme-15.2015.356

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…They analyzed the effect of cold deformation on the interinclusion spacing and the aspect ratio of the inclusions. Also, Wang et al [15] compared the machinability of free cutting austenitic stainless steels. They proved that these steels reduced cutting forces with regard to a more conventional austenite stainless steel (1Cr-18Ni-9Ti) at the studied cutting speed range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry machinability analyses between free cutting, resulfurized, and carbon steels

Krähmer

Urbicain²,

Egea

2020

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

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Free cutting steels, also referred to as free machining steels, include free cutting additives to improve tool life and machinability. Despite their wide applications in industry, scarce information is available to ensure reliable, safe, and productive cutting operations. This work presents a comparative study of the machinability of different free cutting steels to realize their real behavior and potential as alternatives to conventional steels. Three free cutting steels (SAE 12L14, 11L17, and 11L41), a resulfurized steel (SAE 1144), and a low-carbon steel (SAE 1010) were experimentally investigated employing turning tests. Key process parameters such as wear evolution, surface roughness, and material adhesion were analyzed. The results showed that low cutting speeds tend to improve tool life in free cutting steels, while this advantage disappears at high cutting speeds. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses showed that chemical elements, such as Mn, S, and, especially Pb, play a significant role in self-lubrication at the cutting tool tip, thus reducing tool wear at low and medium cutting speeds. Besides, thermal simulations were done to verify the correspondence between material properties, machinability, and thermal field in the tool/chip interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry machinability analyses between free cutting, resulfurized, and carbon steels

Krähmer

Urbicain²,

Egea

2020

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

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Control of Bismuth and Manganese Sulfide Inclusions in Free-Cutting Steels of Different Classes

Zhitenev

Rovbo

Nechaev

et al. 2022

Metals

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The paper investigates the behavior of bismuth and sulfur in modern free-cutting steels. It is shown that today there are no mutually consistent thermodynamic data for calculating the solubility of bismuth in a multi-component steel system. Based on the processing of data from separate works, mutually consistent dependences of the solubility of bismuth in pure iron, as well as Wagner interaction parameters for calculation for steels, were obtained. An attempt was made to model the formation of bismuth simultaneously with manganese sulfides during solidification based on the Ohnaka segregation model. Comparison with experimental data shows acceptable convergence of calculations and experiments.

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Effect of Bismuth and Telluride on the Inclusions of Sulfur Free-Cutting Steel

Wang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

Metals

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The development of free-cutting steel is inseparable from the development of environmentally friendly alloy elements and the control of inclusions shape. Alloying elements can affect the composition, morphology, size, and distribution of inclusion, which are the main factors affecting the machinability of free-cutting steel. This study selected sulfur free-cutting steel with different chemical compositions as the research object to examine the effects of bismuth and bismuth tellurium on sulfur-containing free-cutting steel through electrolytic corrosion experiments, metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy spectrum, and electron backscattering analyzer. The results showed that the microstructures of free-cutting-steel containing sulfur, free-cutting steel containing sulfur bismuth, and free-cutting steel containing sulfur bismuth tellurium are composed of ferrite, pearlite, and inclusions. The inclusions in sulfur-containing free-cutting steel are chain, cluster, and a few dotted MnS. The inclusions in sulfur-bismuth free-cutting steel are point and a few dotted MnS. After the addition of Te, the number of dotted inclusions is reduced, while the number of chain and cluster inclusions is increased. Most of the inclusions in bismuth-containing free-cutting steel are flake inclusions, and the class II MnS change into class III MnS, which is beneficial for improving the free-cutting property of steel and to reduce anisotropy. With the addition of Te, MnS of other shapes, such as heart, water drop, butterfly, etc. of a length–width ratio of less than 4 also appeared as MnS and MnTe complex inclusions, and the fusiform manganese sulfide accounted for most of the steel. Both Bi and Te had modification effects on MnS.

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Making of Free Cutting Austenitic Stainless Steels with Additions of Sulfur, Rare Earth and Bismuth

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Dry machinability analyses between free cutting, resulfurized, and carbon steels

Dry machinability analyses between free cutting, resulfurized, and carbon steels

Control of Bismuth and Manganese Sulfide Inclusions in Free-Cutting Steels of Different Classes

Effect of Bismuth and Telluride on the Inclusions of Sulfur Free-Cutting Steel

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