Making MRI available for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: growing need and barriers to change

Abstract

More than half of us will need a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in our lifetimes. MRI is an unmatched diagnostic test for an expanding range of indications including neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, cancer diagnosis, and treatment planning. Unfortunately, patients with cardiac pacemakers or defibrillators have historically been prevented from having MRI because of safety concerns. This results in delayed diagnoses, more invasive investigations, and increased cost. Major developments have addressed this-newer devices are designed to be safe in MRI machines under specific conditions, and older legacy devices can be scanned provided strict protocols are followed. This service however remains difficult to deliver sustainably worldwide: MRI provision remains grossly inadequate because patients are less likely to be referred, and face difficulties accessing services even when referred. Barriers still exist but are no longer technical. These include logistical hurdles (poor cardiology and radiology interaction at physician and technician levels), financial incentives (re-imbursement is either absent or fails to acknowledge the complexity), and education (physicians self-censor MRI requests). This article therefore highlights the recent changes in the clinical, logistical, and regulatory landscape. The aim of the article is to enable and encourage healthcare providers and local champions to build MRI services urgently for cardiac device patients, so that they may benefit from the same access to MRI as everyone else. Key Points • There is now considerable evidence that MRI can be provided safely to patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). However, the volume of MRI scans delivered to patients with CIEDs is fifty times lower than that of the estimated need, and patients are approximately fifty times less likely to be referred. • Because scans for this patient group are frequently for cancer diagnosis and treatment planning, MRI services need to develop rapidly, but the barriers are no longer technical. • New services face logistical, educational, and financial hurdles which can be addressed effectively to establish a sustainable service at scale.

Cardiac magnetic resonance in cardiac resynchronization therapy: How useful it can be?

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“…Despite of it's numerous advantages compared to some other imaging modalities, cardiac magnetic resonance is still not a standard in evaluating the patients with heart failure and possible indication for the resynchronization therapy, but with tendency to be more represented in the upcoming years. According to the available data, the number of cardiac MRI scans for the last decade in United Kingdom is growing for about 15-20% per year, mainly for the evaluation of heart failure etiology and structural heart diseases [8].…”

Access to MRI for patients with cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators

“…This is a growing problem-there are an estimated 400 000 patients with CIEDs in England with 50 000 new CIED implants annually and an expanding list of clinical indications for MRI across healthcare. [2][3][4][5]…”

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), is fundamental to healthcare [1], particularly for cardiovascular diagnosis and treatment. It is the fastest growing imaging modality at 12% annually [2]. Overall, MRI is an extremely safe imaging modality, with over 40 million scans in USA and 300 million scans performed worldwide to date.…”