Making more sense of the order: A review of Canoco for Windows 4.5, PC‐ORD version 4 and SYN‐TAX 2000

Abstract

Abstract. Personal computers of ever‐increasing speed have motivated programmers of multivariate software to adapt their programs to be run in Microsoft Windows and Macintosh platforms. Updated versions of these multivariate programs appear more and more frequently and are marketed intensively. In this review we provide a comparative analysis of the most recent versions of three analytical software packages –Canoco for Windows 4.5, PC‐ORD version 4 and SYN‐TAX 2000. The three packages share two characteristics. First, the most recent versions are now compatible with the most recent Windows platforms and should therefore be accessible for use by virtually all vegetation scientists. Second, they have capabilities for numerous multivariate techniques, although each package has some unique techniques. Thus, any one of the packages will have much to offer the user.

Species composition and diversity, and carbon stock in a dune ecosystem in the Horqin Sandy Land of northern China

“…The similarity of distribution among the samples presumably reflects the similarity in their ecological responses (Braak, 1989;Gilliam and Saunders, 2003). The succession series of interdune lowlands in the Horqin Sandy Land showed differences in species composition with the dune types ( Fig.…”

Wider geographic distribution and higher diversity of hexaploids than tetraploids in Carassius species complex reveal recurrent polyploidy effects on adaptive evolution

“…A Monte Carlo test with 9,999 permutations was used to determine the significance under the null hypothesis, which shows no relationship between species and environmental variables. The environmental factors showing rejection to null hypothesis (p < 0.05) in Monte Carlo test could be selected in redundancy analysis 26 using the software CANOCO for Windows 4.5 version 27 . Based on the redundancy analysis data, the hexaploid group regression function, 0.833 × altitude + 0.681 × latitude − 0.322 × precipitation, was obtained.…”

The Fernow Watershed Acidification Study

“…Spatial variability was assessed with canonical correspondence analysis (Gilliam and Saunders 2003) using Canoco for Windows 4.5. This analysis was performed on each watershed separately and used available N pools (i.e., extractable ammonium (NH 4 ) and nitrate (NO 3 )), rates of net nitrification, and foliar N and N:P ratios in V. rotundifolia as environmental variables.…”

“…The lengths of these vectors represent the gradient lengths of each measured environmental variable, such that vector length is proportional to the importance of an environmental gradient in explaining species' patterns. Thus, shorter lines represent gradients of lesser importance; longer lines represent gradients of more importance (ter Braak 1988, Palmer 1993, Gilliam and Saunders 2003.…”