Making moral landscapes: John Rawls' original position

Clark, Gordon L.

doi:10.1016/0260-9827(86)90064-9

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Rawls' original position is based on a counterfactual environment in which people are imagined to be in a condition where there is no political authority to ensure social existence. The purpose of this device is to detach people from the current organization of society and help them to think of ideal conditions that they would have preferred if they had a chance to organize political authority from scratch (Dworkin 1973;Clark 1993). The idea is to discover the basic principles that would be agreed upon independently by each individual, rather than figuring out a specific account for the entire political system.…”

Section: Original Position and Veil Of Ignorancementioning

confidence: 99%

MinMax fairness: from Rawlsian Theory of Justice to solution for algorithmic bias

Barsotti

Koçer

2022

AI & Soc

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This paper presents an intuitive explanation about why and how Rawlsian Theory of Justice (Rawls in A theory of justice, Harvard University Press, Harvard, 1971) provides the foundations to a solution for algorithmic bias. The contribution of the paper is to discuss and show why Rawlsian ideas in their original form (e.g. the veil of ignorance, original position, and allowing inequalities that serve the worst-off) are relevant to operationalize fairness for algorithmic decision making. The paper also explains how this leads to a specific MinMaxfairness solution, which addresses the basic challenges of algorithmic justice. We combine substantive elements of Rawlsian perspective with an intuitive explanation in order to provide accessible and practical insights. The goal is to propose and motivate why and how the MinMaxfairness solution derived from Rawlsian principles overcomes some of the current challenges for algorithmic bias and highlight the benefits provided when compared to other approaches. The paper presents and discusses the solution by building a bridge between the qualitative theoretical aspects and the quantitative technical approach.

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Section: Original Position and Veil Of Ignorancementioning

confidence: 99%

MinMax fairness: from Rawlsian Theory of Justice to solution for algorithmic bias

Barsotti

Koçer

2022

AI & Soc

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“…1 The literature on moral landscape often remains a rather philosophical debate as it disregards its spatial dimension (Clark 1986;Harris 2011). Empirical studies observe the moral charging of certain places as reform schools in the Victorian age (Ploszajska 1994), cooperative housing (Ley 1993) or human-nature relationships in agriculture (Setten 2004).…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Ethics

Ege¹,

Moser²

2020

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This book delves into the ethical dimension of urban life: how should one live in the city? What constitutes a 'good' life under urban condition? Who gets to live a 'good' life, and whose ideas of morality, propriety and 'good' prevail? What is the connection between the 'good' and the 'just' in urban life?Rather than philosophizing the 'good' and proper life in cities, the book considers what happens when urban conflicts and urban futures are carried out as conflicts over the good and proper life in cities. It offers an understanding of how ethical discourses, ideals and values are harmonized with material interests of different groups, taking up cases studies about environmental protection, co-h ousing schemes, political protest, heritage preservation, participatory planning, collaborative art production, and other topics from different eras and parts of the globe. This book offers multidisciplinary insights, ethnographic research and conceptual tools and resources to explore and better understand such conflicts. It questions the ways in which Urban Ethics draw on tacit moral economies of urban life and the ways in which such moral economies become explicit, political and programmatic.

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“…In effect, the positivists' theory of law and economics denies the plurality of experience and the plurality of knowledge (Clark, 1986). Theirs is a theory of transcendental adjudication which is justified by reference to a hidden but uncontested empirical reality apparently utilized in the practice of adjudication over past centuries.…”

Section: Analytical Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Law and the Interpretive Turn in the Social Sciences

Clark

1989

Urban Geography

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Legal cases are increasingly used in the social sciences as the raw material for social analysis. While this is entirely laudable as a research strategy, the analytical methods used in the social sciences to study cases are too often simplistic and reductionist. Positivism is too often the preferred analytical mode. I argue that the legal texture of cases ought to be retained by social scientists, just as we ought to be more aware of the problematic nature of interpretation, an issue embedded within legal discourse. In contrast to those who contend that the interpretive turn in the social sciences is nihilistic and subjective, I suggest reasons for understanding the interpretive turn as an organized social practice dependent upon social standards of right and wrong. These issues are illustrated by reference to a recent court case involving a corporation that secretly and illegally relocated production so as to avoid its pension obligations.

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Making moral landscapes: John Rawls' original position

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

MinMax fairness: from Rawlsian Theory of Justice to solution for algorithmic bias

MinMax fairness: from Rawlsian Theory of Justice to solution for algorithmic bias

Urban Ethics

Law and the Interpretive Turn in the Social Sciences

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