Making It New Again

Wang, Shuang; Miller, Sophie R.; Ober, Elke A.; Sadler, Kirsten C.

doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.11.012

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Similarly, many instances of organ and tissue regeneration have been observed amongst vertebrate species. For example, zebrafish can regenerate complex tissues and organs including the heart, liver and fins [4, 5]. Mexican axolotl salamanders are known to regenerate their limbs, tails, skin, and several internal organs [6–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative capacity in the lamprey spinal cord is not altered after a repeated transection

et al. 2019

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The resilience of regeneration in vertebrates is not very well understood. Yet understanding if tissues can regenerate after repeated insults, and identifying limitations, is important for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of tissue plasticity. This is particularly challenging in tissues, such as the nervous system, which possess a large number of terminally differentiated cells and often exhibit limited regeneration in the first place. However, unlike mammals, which exhibit very limited regeneration of spinal cord tissues, many non-mammalian vertebrates, including lampreys, bony fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, regenerate their spinal cords and functionally recover even after a complete spinal cord transection. It is well established that lampreys undergo full functional recovery of swimming behaviors after a single spinal cord transection, which is accompanied by tissue repair at the lesion site, as well as axon and synapse regeneration. Here we begin to explore the resilience of spinal cord regeneration in lampreys after a second spinal transection (re-transection). We report that by all functional and anatomical measures tested, lampreys regenerate after spinal re-transection just as robustly as after single transections. Recovery of swimming, synapse and cytoskeletal distributions, axon regeneration, and neuronal survival were nearly identical after spinal transection or re-transection. Only minor differences in tissue repair at the lesion site were observed in re-transected spinal cords. Thus, regenerative potential in the lamprey spinal cord is largely unaffected by spinal re-transection, indicating a greater persistent regenerative potential than exists in some other highly regenerative models. These findings establish a new path for uncovering pro-regenerative targets that could be deployed in non-regenerative conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerative capacity in the lamprey spinal cord is not altered after a repeated transection

et al. 2019

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“…Taking advantages of the transparent larva and the accessibility to genetic manipulation, researchers have generated transgenic fluorescent reporter strains to mark individual liver cell types, enabling real-time tracking of their morphology and behaviors during development and injury (6). Zebrafish have been used in translational research modeling various liver diseases such as drug-induced acute liver failure, cholestasis, non-alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and cancer (6–8). These studies have demonstrated that the signaling pathways governing liver injury responses are highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macrophages in Zebrafish Models of Liver Diseases

2019

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Hepatic macrophages are key components of the liver immunity and consist of two main populations. Liver resident macrophages, known as Kupffer cells in mammals, are crucial for maintaining normal liver homeostasis. Upon injury, they become activated to release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and recruit a large population of inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages to the liver. During the progression of liver diseases, macrophages are highly plastic and have opposing functions depending on the signaling cues that they receive from the microenvironment. A comprehensive understanding of liver macrophages is essential for developing therapeutic interventions that target these cells in acute and chronic liver diseases. Mouse studies have provided the bulk of our current knowledge of liver macrophages. The emergence of various liver disease models and availability of transgenic tools to visualize and manipulate macrophages have made the teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) an attractive new vertebrate model to study liver macrophages. In this review, we summarize the origin and behaviors of macrophages in healthy and injured livers in zebrafish. We highlight the roles of macrophages in zebrafish models of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver regeneration, and how they compare with the roles that have been described in mammals. We also discuss the advantages and challenges of using zebrafish to study liver macrophages.

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“…As in mice, zebrafish liver initiation and morphogenesis are regulated by signalling factors such as bone morphogenesis protein (BMP), fibroblast growth factor (Fgf), Wnt etc (Wang et al, 2017 ). In mice, BMP signals are secreted from the septum transversum mesenchyme, FGF signals come from cardiac cells, (Palaria et al, 2018 ) and Wnt signals come from mesodermal layer (Zakin et al, 1998 ; Si-Tayeb et al, 2010 ).…”

Section: Zebrafish As a Model For Studying Liver Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

All routes lead to Rome: multifaceted origin of hepatocytes during liver regeneration

Gao

Peng

2021

Cell Regen

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Liver is the largest internal organ that serves as the key site for various metabolic activities and maintenance of homeostasis. Liver diseases are great threats to human health. The capability of liver to regain its mass after partial hepatectomy has widely been applied in treating liver diseases either by removing the damaged part of a diseased liver in a patient or transplanting a part of healthy liver into a patient. Vast efforts have been made to study the biology of liver regeneration in different liver-damage models. Regarding the sources of hepatocytes during liver regeneration, convincing evidences have demonstrated that different liver-damage models mobilized different subtype hepatocytes in contributing to liver regeneration. Under extreme hepatocyte ablation, biliary epithelial cells can undergo dedifferentiation to liver progenitor cells (LPCs) and then LPCs differentiate to produce hepatocytes. Here we will focus on summarizing the progresses made in identifying cell types contributing to producing new hepatocytes during liver regeneration in mice and zebrafish.

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Making It New Again

Cited by 54 publications

References 132 publications

Regenerative capacity in the lamprey spinal cord is not altered after a repeated transection

Regenerative capacity in the lamprey spinal cord is not altered after a repeated transection

Macrophages in Zebrafish Models of Liver Diseases

All routes lead to Rome: multifaceted origin of hepatocytes during liver regeneration

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