“…However, an increasing number of studies appear to suggest the otherwise, particularly using qualitative methods ( Government of Canada, 2000 ; Blodgett, Ge, Schinke, & McGannon, 2017 ; Withycombe, 2011 ; Herrick & Duncan, 2018 ). For instance, compounded by heteronormativity and middle-class normativity, whiteness has been found to prevail explicitly and implicitly in collegiate athletic administration and coaching ( Borland & Bruening, 2010 ; Larsen, Fisher, & Moret, 2019 ; McDowell & Carter-Francique, 2017 ; Rankin-Wright, Hylton, & Norman, 2020 ) as well as in recreational sporting contexts, such as roller derby ( Pavlidis & Fullagar, 2013 ), stickball ( Welch, Siegele, Smith, & Hardin, 2019 ), or rugby ( Adjepong, 2017 ) in a number of qualitative investigations. Though quantitative investigation on the intersectionality of PA opportunities and participation is scarce, a recent investigation ( Abichahine & Veenstra, 2017 ) examining leisure-based PA among a large sample of Canadian adults found that taking a multiplicative statistical approach grounded in intersectionality is superior to a traditional additive statistical approach in clarifying social inequalities in PA opportunities and participation.…”