Making g-C3N4 ultra-thin nanosheets active for photocatalytic overall water splitting

Wu, Chunzheng; Xue, Shengyang; Qin, Zhaojun; Nazari, Mahsa; Yang, Guang; Yue, Shuai; Tong, Tian; Ghasemi, Hadi; Hernandez, Francisco C. Robles; Xue, Sichuang; Zhang, Di; Wang, Haiyan; Wang, Zhiming M.; Pu, Shengyan; Bao, Jiming

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.119557

Cited by 130 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The peaks in the range of 1220 to 1700 cm −1 are credited to the C─N and C═N stretching-modes of the aromatic cycles. The pointed peak at 809 cm −1 is attributed to the breathing-mode of triazine units [45]. The FTIR spectra of 0.15Sr-CN, Au/0.15Sr-CN and Pt/0.15Sr-CN samples are exactly similar to that of the pristine CN, further confirming that the Sr-incorporation and noble metal nanoparticles deposition do not influence the structure of pristine CN.…”

Section: Structural Morphology and Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Plasmon Assisted Highly Efficient Visible Light Catalytic CO2 Reduction Over the Noble Metal Decorated Sr-Incorporated g-C3N4

et al. 2021

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The photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 for CO2 conversion is still inadequate by several shortfalls including the instability, insufficient solar light absorption and rapid charge carrier’s recombination rate. To solve these problems, herein, noble metals (Pt and Au) decorated Sr-incorporated g-C3N4 photocatalysts are fabricated via the simple calcination and photo-deposition methods. The Sr-incorporation remarkably reduced the g-C3N4 band gap from 2.7 to 2.54 eV, as evidenced by the UV–visible absorption spectra and the density functional theory results. The CO2 conversion performance of the catalysts was evaluated under visible light irradiation. The Pt/0.15Sr-CN sample produced 48.55 and 74.54 µmol h−1 g−1 of CH4 and CO, respectively. These amounts are far greater than that produced by the Au/0.15Sr-CN, 0.15Sr-CN, and CN samples. A high quantum efficiency of 2.92% is predicted for the Pt/0.15Sr-CN sample. Further, the stability of the photocatalyst is confirmed via the photocatalytic recyclable test. The improved CO2 conversion performance of the catalyst is accredited to the promoted light absorption and remarkably enhanced charge separation via the Sr-incorporated mid gap states and the localized surface plasmon resonance effect induced by noble metal nanoparticles. This work will provide a new approach for promoting the catalytic efficiency of g-C3N4 for efficient solar fuel production.

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Section: Structural Morphology and Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Plasmon Assisted Highly Efficient Visible Light Catalytic CO2 Reduction Over the Noble Metal Decorated Sr-Incorporated g-C3N4

et al. 2021

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“…Except for the abovementioned peeling methods that are more universal, there are specifically efficient exfoliation methods for preparing certain 2D NMPB nanosheet electrocatalysts. It includes plasma‐ or pulsed laser‐assisted exfoliation, and rapid thermal annealing‐assisted exfoliation, [ 59,61 ] which have acquired enormous attention in recent works because of their eco‐friendly, time‐saving, and nonimpurity adsorption advantages. [ 10,60 ] Analyzing the results of related research works, [ 62,63,120,121 ] the 2D NPMB nanosheet electrocatalysts prepared by those abovementioned exfoliation ways can efficiently boost the OER performance, mainly attributed to the formation of multiple vacancies, heteroelements doping, and edge engineering that are introduced during the exfoliation process.…”

Section: Diverse Delamination Methods Of 2d Npmb Nanosheet Electrocatalysts For Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the bottom‐up method, the synthesis strategies of top‐down method are more diverse, including a number of techniques such as guest ions or molecules‐assisted exfoliation, auxiliary force‐assisted exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, plasma‐ or pulsed laser‐assisted exfoliation, rapid thermal annealing‐assisted exfoliation, intermediate‐assisted exfoliation, thermal decomposition‐assisted exfoliation, etc. [ 9,15,17,18,25,36,43,52–63 ] In addition to the diversity of synthesis pathway, when faced with some special types of functional 2D materials, such as TMNs used in catalysis, energy storage, superconductivity, etc., [ 64,65 ] the manufacture of its 2D layered structure is very difficult in terms of thermodynamics, [ 66 ] and which own the low stability of thermodynamic and resistance of oxidation under ambient environment. [ 67 ] Therefore, from the perspective of its harsh synthesis conditions, the bottom‐up synthesis method may have a bottleneck in the field of preparation of such 2D materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Manifold Exfoliated Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Non‐precious Metal‐Based Nanosheet Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

et al. 2021

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Electrochemical water splitting has been widely recognized as efficient technology to produce high‐purity hydrogen as environmental‐friendly fuels. The main challenge of electrochemical water splitting is in the development of low‐cost earth‐abundant electrocatalysts to enable their large‐scale applications in industry. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have been developed as promising electrocatalysts due to their abundant exposed active sites, high surface area and fast transfer ability of electrons. However, currently, there is a lack of review work in literature elucidating the most recent advances on the research and development of 2D precious‐free electrocatalysts and their state‐of‐the‐art performances in water splitting. Herein, the authors present a review of recent progress of development on diverse exfoliation methods for synthesizing multi‐category 2D non‐precious metal‐based (NPMB) electrocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. The leading methods are composed of guest ions or molecules‐assisted, auxiliary force‐assisted, electrochemical‐assisted exfoliation and additional exfoliation for fabricating these 2D NPMB nanosheets, including transition‐metal dichalcogenides, oxides, carbides, nitrides, layered double hydroxides, metal‐organic frameworks and mono‐elemental materials. The structure‐activity relationships of enhanced catalytic performance and downsizing nanostructure of corresponding 2D NPMB nanosheets are discussed. Finally, existent puzzle and prospective direction for designing synthesis methods of 2D NPMB electrocatalysts for water splitting are put forward.

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“…The nitrogen defects, including cyano groups and nitrogen vacancies (near NH group in the framework of GCN) can reduce the bandgap of GCN, accelerate the migration/transfer of charge carriers, and provide more active sites in GCN, endowing DUMCN with great photocatalytic performances. Wu et al obtained cyano defects modified ultrathin GCN nanosheets through a femtosecond pulsed laser method 107 . Interestingly, when loaded with 1.4 wt% Pt, the photocatalyst could realize OWS with H 2 and O 2 evolution rate of 42.6 and 18.7 μmol h −1 g −1 .…”

Section: Modulation Strategies Of Gcn For Photocatalytic Overall Water Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic overall water splitting by graphitic carbon nitride

Niu

Dai

Zhi

et al. 2021

InfoMat

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Photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) without using any sacrificial reagent to realize H2 and O2 production in the stoichiometric ratio of 2:1 is viewed as the “holy grail” in the field of solar fuel production. Developing stable, low cost, and nontoxic photocatalysts that have satisfactory solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency is of significance but challenging for realizing the large‐scale use of this sustainable technology. Among various photocatalysts, graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) has shown great potential as an ideal candidate to fulfill the breakthrough in this dynamic research field due to its attractive physicochemical properties. Herein, for the first time, the state‐of‐the‐art research progress of GCN for photocatalytic OWS is reviewed. We first summarize the basic principle of photocatalytic OWS along with the advantages/challenges of GCN introduced. The strategies that have been used to modulate the OWS activity of GCN are then reviewed, including cocatalyst investigation, morphology modulation, atomic structure modification, crystallinity engineering, and heterostructure construction. Toward the end of the review, the concluding remarks and perspectives for the future development are presented, with our expectation to provide some new ideas for the design of advanced OWS photocatalysts.

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Making g-C3N4 ultra-thin nanosheets active for photocatalytic overall water splitting

Cited by 130 publications

References 56 publications

Plasmon Assisted Highly Efficient Visible Light Catalytic CO2 Reduction Over the Noble Metal Decorated Sr-Incorporated g-C3N4

Plasmon Assisted Highly Efficient Visible Light Catalytic CO2 Reduction Over the Noble Metal Decorated Sr-Incorporated g-C3N4

Recent Advances in Manifold Exfoliated Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Non‐precious Metal‐Based Nanosheet Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting

Photocatalytic overall water splitting by graphitic carbon nitride

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