Making Demand Response a Reality in Europe: Policy, Regulations, and Deployment Status

Lamprinos, Ilias; Hatziargyriou, Nikos D.; Kokos, Isidoros; Dimeas, Aris

doi:10.1109/mcom.2016.1600323cm

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Load requirements (size of energy consumption) need to comply to participate in DR programs [15]. Therefore, small consumers only can participate by contracting with DR service providers.…”

Section: Dr Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Billanes

Jôrgensen

2017

Energies

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Buildings as prosumers have an important role in the energy aggregation market due to their potential flexible energy consumption and distributed energy resources. However, energy flexibility provided by buildings can be very complex and depend on many factors. The immaturity of the current aggregation market with unclear incentives is still a challenge for buildings to participate in the aggregation market. However, few studies have investigated business models for building participation in the aggregation market. Therefore, this paper develops four business models for buildings to participate in the energy aggregation market: (1) buildings participate in the implicit Demand Response (DR) program via retailers; (2) buildings with small energy consumption participate in the explicit DR via aggregators; (3) buildings directly access the explicit DR program; (4) buildings access energy market via Virtual Power Plant (VPP) aggregators by providing Distributed Energy Resources (DER)s. This paper also determines that it is essential to understand building owners' needs, comforts, and behaviours to develop feasible market access strategies for different types of buildings. Meanwhile, the incentive programs, national regulations and energy market structures strongly influence buildings' participation in the aggregation market. Under the current Nordic market regulation, business model one is the most feasible one, and business model two faces more challenges due to regulation barriers and limited monetary incentives.

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“…Load requirements (size of energy consumption) need to comply to participate in DR programs [15]. Therefore, small consumers only can participate by contracting with DR service providers.…”

Section: Dr Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DR service providers can either be third-party aggregators or customer retailers. Through incentive-based programs, consumers receive direct payments to change their electricity consumption upon request (e.g., to consume more or less) [15].…”

Section: Dr Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Billanes

Jôrgensen

2017

Energies

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“…Direct load control is a traditional incentive-based program in the explicit demand response that DR Service providers can control consumers" appliances within a short notice [30]. In the implicit DR (sometimes called price-based DR program), consumers are exposed to time-varying electricity prices or time-varying network tariffs (such as a day/night tariff) (or both) [30].…”

Section: Hypothesis 14-participation Of Energy Flexibility Programs mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incentives can change energy habits and preferences of consumers [16,[32][33][34] and as a result, reduces energy consumption [30]. Therefore, in some countries, government and utilities (e.g.…”

Section: External Factors Affecting Consumers' Adoption Of the Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consumer Central Energy Flexibility in Office Buildings

Billanes¹,

Ma²,

Jôrgensen³

2017

JEPE

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Energy flexibility in buildings will play an important role in the smart energy system. Office buildings have more potentials to provide energy flexibility to the grid compared to other types of buildings, due to the existing building management, control systems and large energy consumption. Consumers in office buildings (building owners/managers and occupants) take a main role for adopting and engaging in building energy flexibility. This paper provides a systematic review of consumer central energy flexibility in office buildings with the discussion of social, technical and business aspects. This paper clarifies the correlations of consumers" concerns, external influential factors, energy flexibility resources and technology with eight hypotheses. This paper suggests that technical solutions with the integration of distributed energy resources, building management and control system can boost energy flexibility in the office buildings.

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Demand response aggregation

Khan

Hagos

2022

Active Electrical Distribution Network

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Making Demand Response a Reality in Europe: Policy, Regulations, and Deployment Status

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Aggregation Potentials for Buildings—Business Models of Demand Response and Virtual Power Plants

Consumer Central Energy Flexibility in Office Buildings

Demand response aggregation

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