Making and breaking symmetry in development, growth and disease

Grimes, Daniel T.

doi:10.1242/dev.170985

Cited by 31 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 153 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…3 Asymmetry was thought to arise only when retinoic acid signalling was lost, exposing molecular prepatterns in the PSM to a gene expression program that determines left-sided organ positioning. [9][10][11]31 However, our findings that initial lengths are imprecise, but are adjusted by 3D somite deformations, show that this perspective is insufficient to describe the length and symmetry of somites. In addition to the prepattern, we argue that somite surface tension, external stresses from neighboring tissues and CE flows within somites must also be included.…”

Section: Apmentioning

confidence: 75%

Somite surface tension buffers imprecise segment lengths to ensure left-right symmetry

Naganathan

Popović

Oates

2020

Preprint

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The body axis of vertebrate embryos is periodically segmented into bilaterally symmetric pairs of somites. The anteroposterior length and boundary position of somites are thought to be molecularly determined prior to somite morphogenesis. We show that in zebrafish embryos, initial somite lengths and positions are imprecise and many somites form left-right asymmetrically. Yet, within an hour, lengths are adjusted, becoming more symmetric, through somite deformations occurring independently on the left and right sides of the embryo. This adjustment is directed by a combination of somite surface tension, external stresses from neighbouring tissues and convergence-extension flows within somites. The ensuing left-right symmetry in somite boundary positions follows as a straightforward consequence of the length adjustments. Thus, the precision and symmetry of a fundamental embryonic morphological pattern is ensured by tissue mechanics.

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Section: Apmentioning

confidence: 75%

Somite surface tension buffers imprecise segment lengths to ensure left-right symmetry

Naganathan

Popović

Oates

2020

Preprint

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“…How cells recognize the necessity to continue to differentiate or prevent their progression along the cervical loop would be an interesting area to analyse in future studies. The generation of a symmetrical structure from an asymmetrical template, as observed in the chameleon tooth, may additionally shed light on the creation of other symmetrical structures in the body 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated labio-lingual asymmetries in dental and bone development create a symmetrical acrodont dentition

Kavková

Šulcová

Dumková

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Organs throughout the body develop both asymmetrically and symmetrically. Here, we assess how symmetrical teeth in reptiles can be created from asymmetrical tooth germs. Teeth of lepidosaurian reptiles are mostly anchored to the jaw bones by pleurodont ankylosis, where the tooth is held in place on the labial side only. Pleurodont teeth are characterized by significantly asymmetrical development of the labial and lingual sides of the cervical loop, which later leads to uneven deposition of hard tissue. On the other hand, acrodont teeth found in lizards of the Acrodonta clade (i.e. agamas, chameleons) are symmetrically ankylosed to the jaw bone. Here, we have focused on the formation of the symmetrical acrodont dentition of the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus). Intriguingly, our results revealed distinct asymmetries in morphology of the labial and lingual sides of the cervical loop during early developmental stages, both at the gross and ultrastructural level, with specific patterns of cell proliferation and stem cell marker expression. Asymmetrical expression of ST14 was also observed, with a positive domain on the lingual side of the cervical loop overlapping with the SOX2 domain. In contrast, micro-CT analysis of hard tissues revealed that deposition of dentin and enamel was largely symmetrical at the mineralization stage, highlighting the difference between cervical loop morphology during early development and differentiation of odontoblasts throughout later odontogenesis. In conclusion, the early asymmetrical development of the enamel organ seems to be a plesiomorphic character for all squamate reptiles, while symmetrical and precisely orchestrated deposition of hard tissue during tooth formation in acrodont dentitions probably represents a novelty in the Acrodonta clade.

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“…Although the human body is externally symmetrical, the visceral organs are arranged asymmetrically in a stereotyped manner [ 45 , 46 , 63 ]. Motile cilia of pit cells and nonmotile cilia of crown cells in the ventral node of the mammalian embryo play crucial roles in regulating left–right asymmetry [ 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Roles Of Cilia In Ciliopathy and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turn, the heterodimers bind to receptors in lateral plate mesoderm-derived cells and increase the expression of Nodal, Lefty2, and Pitx2, leading to left-side morphogenesis [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ]. Accordingly, the impairment of cilia in the ventral node can cause laterality disorders, such as situs inversus and heterotaxy [ 45 , 46 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Roles Of Cilia In Ciliopathy and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Ciliopathy and Cancer

Shiromizu

Yuge

Kasahara

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Cilia are antenna-like structures present in many vertebrate cells. These organelles detect extracellular cues, transduce signals into the cell, and play an essential role in ensuring correct cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in a spatiotemporal manner. Not surprisingly, dysregulation of cilia can cause various diseases, including cancer and ciliopathies, which are complex disorders caused by mutations in genes regulating ciliary function. The structure and function of cilia are dynamically regulated through various mechanisms, among which E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases play crucial roles. These enzymes regulate the degradation and stabilization of ciliary proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. In this review, we briefly highlight the role of cilia in ciliopathy and cancer; describe the roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases in ciliogenesis, ciliopathy, and cancer; and highlight some of the E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases that are potential therapeutic targets for these disorders.

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Making and breaking symmetry in development, growth and disease

Cited by 31 publications

References 153 publications

Somite surface tension buffers imprecise segment lengths to ensure left-right symmetry

Somite surface tension buffers imprecise segment lengths to ensure left-right symmetry

Coordinated labio-lingual asymmetries in dental and bone development create a symmetrical acrodont dentition

Targeting E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Deubiquitinases in Ciliopathy and Cancer

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