Making and Breaking of Sn−C and In−C Bonds in Situ: The Cases of Allyltins and Allylindiums

Electrochemical Synthesis of Indium(0) Nanoparticles in Haloindate(III) Ionic Liquids

“…Isolated indium(0) nanoparticles may be used for catalysis in lieu of the traditionally used indium(0) powder. [4] Furthermore, considering the Lewis acidity of the chloroindate(III) ionic liquids, the stable suspensions may possibly be used as bifunctional catalysts. [50] Experimental Section Materials Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride, [P 6 6 6 14 ]Cl was obtained from Cytec.…”

“…Three haloindate(III) ionic liquids were tested for the synthesis of indium (0) 4 ] is hydrophilic and water-soluble, and the cation is known to stabilise nanoparticles. [17] In contrast, [P 66 614 ] + , the most common tetraalkylphosphonium cation, is known to form viscous, hydrophobic ionic liquids, [35] and such bulky cations containing only long, saturated alkyl chains were expected to be poor stabilisers/capping agents for the nanoparticles.…”

“…Characterisation of the chloroindate(III) ionic liquids 4 ] is a known, characterised ionic liquid, [28b, c] whereas [P 6 66 14 ][InCl 4 ] and [N 11116 ]Br-InCl 3 are previously unreported. The microanalytical data (given in the Experimental Section) confirmed the purity of the synthesised salts.…”

“…[3] Recently, indium(0) powder has been demonstrated to catalyse a wide range of organic reactions. [4] However, only few papers describe the synthesis of indium(0) nanoparticles. [5] The published physical methods require either specialised techniques (e.g., sonication, [6] laser ablation, [7] sputter deposition, [8] or solvated metal atom dispersion with subsequent digestive ripening [1] ) or at least high temperatures (dispersing molten indium in paraffin oil, > 180 8C [9] ).…”

Synthesis of homoallylic amines and acylhydrazides by tin powder‐promoted multicomponent one‐pot allylation reactions

“…Among these organometallics, allylic stannanes have been widely used because of their easy availability, air and moisture stability, tolerance to functional groups and high selectivity. [44][45][46] However, most stannanes are toxic. [47,48] Furthermore, only the allyl group in allylic stannanes is delivered into the product molecules and the other residues are usually discarded as waste after the reactions.…”