Making and Breaking Careers: Reviewing Law Enforcement Hiring Requirements and Disqualifiers

Wood, McKenzie

doi:10.1080/10511253.2017.1283429

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Кроме того, эти организации могут способствовать обмену информацией об экстремистских угрозах, используя технологические инструменты, например, такие как eGuardian, позволяющие отделам полиции предоставлять информацию JTTF и наоборот [109]. Эти и другие технологии, например Национальный центр информации о преступности (the National Crime Information Center) [110], позволяют системно собирать информацию о лицах, представляющих угрозу для правоохранительных органов и общества в целом изза своих экстремистских взглядов, поддерживающих и оправдывающих насилие, дестабилизацию государства и другие преступные деяния.…”

Section: снижение риска насильственных экстремистских действий против сотрудниковunclassified

Far-Right Extremism’s Threat to Police Safety and the Organizational Legitimacy of Law Enforcement in the United States

Parkin

Mills

Gruenewald

2021

RusJEL

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Цель: to analyze the far-right extremism’s anti- government ideology as an external threat to law enforcement officers. Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, using the general and specific research methods based on it. Results: The relationship between far-right extremism and law enforcement in the United States has a long and complicated history. In 2020, this relationship was on display as both far-right extremists and law enforcement agencies were brought into the national spotlight for their roles in multiple unprecedented events. This research discusses how far-right extremism’s anti- government ideology represents an external threat to law enforcement officers. This threat is discussed through the presentation of 30-years of data on law enforcement officers killed in the line-of-duty by far-right extremists from the Extremist Crime Database. In addition, the research also examines law enforcement’s implicit and explicit support for far-right extremism, which creates an internal threat against the legitimacy of the profession. Finally, policy initiatives that come from, and build upon, prior research are discussed to reduce these threats.Scientific novelty: for the first time, the work substantiates that far-right extremists threaten the safety of law enforcement officers in the United States. Antigovernment extremists, who do not believe that they are subject to the laws of the jurisdiction where they live, pose the risk of escalating to violent acts when encountering law enforcement when they engage in both ideologically motivated and routine criminal activity. In addition, law enforcement agencies who hire far-right extremists face the very real prospect of becoming illegitimate in the eyes of the communities to whom they are sworn to serve and protect. Decades of criminological research has shown that lack of trust in law enforcement makes the job of policing a community more difficult and more dangerous. Although multiple paths forward were outlined that build on prior research and empirical knowledge, only decisive action by law enforcement and policymakers will result in outcomes that reduce the risk of external violent victimization to police and protect law enforcement agencies from being delegitimized by the presence of far-right extremists within their ranks.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering issues related to the prevention, suppression and investigation of extremist crimes.The article was first published in English language by Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society and The Western Society of Criminology Hosting by Scholastica. For more information please contact: CCJLS@WesternCriminology.org.For original publication: Parkin, W. S., Mills, C. E., Gruenewald, J. (2021). Far-Right Extremism’s Threat to Police Safety and the Organizational Legitimacy of Law Enforcement in the United States, Criminology, Criminal Justice, Law & Society, 2021, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 1–24. Publication URL: https://ccjls.scholasticahq.com/article/26321-far-right-extremism-s-threat-to-police-safety-and-the-organizational-legitimacy-of-law-enforcement-in-the-united-states

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Section: снижение риска насильственных экстремистских действий против сотрудниковunclassified

Far-Right Extremism’s Threat to Police Safety and the Organizational Legitimacy of Law Enforcement in the United States

Parkin

Mills

Gruenewald

2021

RusJEL

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“…Policing agencies across the United States have cited difficulty recruiting qualified applicants, thus leaving many employment vacancies unfilled (The Marshall Project, 2018; National Institute of Justice, 2004). One potential barrier to police employment may be permanent body art, which is prohibited by many policing agencies (Morison, 2017; Wood, 2017). This is an important topic to consider due to the increasing popularity of tattooing among all ages and occupations – including those who are prime candidates for policing positions, such as young adults and military veterans (Laumann and Derick, 2006; Morison, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Tattoos in policing: a survey of state police policies

McMullen

Gibbs

2019

PIJPSM

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Purpose Policing agencies across the USA have cited difficulty recruiting qualified applicants, thus leaving many employment vacancies unfilled. One reason for this challenge may be that those who would make exceptional police officers are barred from employment because of their body art. Varying appearance policies exist concerning tattoos, yet little is known about these policies. The purpose of this paper is to survey the tattoo policies of policing agencies. Design/methodology/approach The tattoo policies of all 50 state-level policing agencies were reviewed to explore similarities and state-level correlates. Findings The majority, but not all, of state police have some type of appearance policy targeting tattoos. State policing agencies that have a “no visibility” policy regarding tattoos more often were in states with a low percentage of millennial residents, high percentage of young veterans, men and non-Hispanic white citizens, and low crime; t-tests indicate “no visibility” policy states significantly differed from other states in the percentage of non-Hispanic whites and crime. Further, state policing agencies with a “no visibility” policy tended to be in northeastern states, with southern states having the fewest state policing agencies with such policies, although the χ2 test was non-significant. Originality/value Despite the ubiquity of tattoos in the American society, the literature is scant with studies of police appearance policies regarding tattoos. This study provides a partial summary of tattoo policies at the state policing level.

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Police staffing and workload assignment in law enforcement using multi-server queueing models

Liu

Zhai

et al. 2019

European Journal of Operational Research

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Making and Breaking Careers: Reviewing Law Enforcement Hiring Requirements and Disqualifiers

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Far-Right Extremism’s Threat to Police Safety and the Organizational Legitimacy of Law Enforcement in the United States

Far-Right Extremism’s Threat to Police Safety and the Organizational Legitimacy of Law Enforcement in the United States

Tattoos in policing: a survey of state police policies

Police staffing and workload assignment in law enforcement using multi-server queueing models

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