Making a HIIT: Methods for quantifying intensity in high-intensity interval training in schools and validity of session rating of perceived exertion

Duncombe, Stephanie L.; Stylianou, Michalis; Price, Lisa; Walker, Jacqueline L.; Barker, Alan R.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2023.2291736

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This indicates that future studies will need to consider how to encourage continued engagement in the workouts and how to motivate students who do not enjoy HPE in general. However, the HR data from Making a HIIT indicate that students were for the most part completing high-intensity exercise, which is similar to previous school-based HIIT studies [ 28 , 45 ]. This finding is promising due to the benefits associated with this type of activity, such as improved cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and blood biomarkers [ 14 , 15 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Fidelity. The fidelity of the Making a HIIT intervention has been previously published in detail [ 28 ]. During HIIT workouts in practical lessons, the mean average HR was 79% ± 8% and the mean peak HR was 92% ± 6% of student’s HR max .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, students completed the Omnibus Scale of Perceived Exertion immediately after each HIIT workout (ranging from 0 [not tired at all] to 10 [very, very tired]) in both practical and theory lessons to provide a sessional rating of perceived exertion (RPE) [ 29 ]. In our study, the correlation coefficient between HR and sessional RPE in practical lessons was 0.39 [ 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Students’ HR max had previously been determined during a 20 m shuttle run test at baseline or where students did not complete the shuttle run, an age predicted maximum was used. A detailed description of the methods used to quantify HR for Making a HIIT is published elsewhere and includes further quantification methods (e.g., the number of students obtaining thresholds and consideration of various thresholds) [ 28 ]. For this paper, we report students’ average HR for the HIIT workout (including bouts of work and rest) and the average time that students spent above 80% of their HR max .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Was it a HIIT? A process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training intervention

Duncombe,

Barker,

Price

et al. 2024

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background Despite a growing body of research investigating high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools, there are limited process evaluations investigating their implementation. This is concerning because process evaluations are important for appropriately interpreting outcome findings and augmenting intervention design. This manuscript presents a process evaluation of Making a HIIT, a school-based HIIT intervention. Methods The Making a HIIT intervention spanned 8 weeks and was completed at three schools in Greater Brisbane, Australia. Ten classes (intervention group) completed 10-min teacher-led HIIT workouts at the beginning of health and physical education (HPE) lessons, and five classes (control group) continued with regular HPE lessons. The mixed methods evaluation was guided by the Framework for Effective Implementation by Durlak and DuPre. Results Program reach: Ten schools were contacted to successfully recruit three schools, from which 79% of eligible students (n = 308, $$\overline{{\text{x}} }$$ x ¯ age: 13.0 ± 0.6 years, 148 girls) provided consent. Dosage: The average number of HIIT workouts provided was 10 ± 3 and the average number attended by students was 6 ± 2. Fidelity: During HIIT workouts, the percentage of time students spent at ≥ 80% of maximum heart rate (HRmax) was 55% (interquartile range (IQR): 29%—76%). Monitoring of the control group: During lessons, the intervention and control groups spent 32% (IQR: 12%—54%) and 28% (IQR: 13%—46%) of their HPE lesson at ≥ 80% of HRmax, respectively. Responsiveness: On average, students rated their enjoyment of HIIT workouts as 3.3 ± 1.1 (neutral) on a 5-point scale. Quality: Teachers found the HIIT workouts simple to implement but provided insights into the time implications of integrating them into their lessons; elements that helped facilitate their implementation; and their use within the classroom. Differentiation: Making a HIIT involved students and teachers in the co-design of HIIT workouts. Adaption: Workouts were modified due to location and weather, the complexity of exercises, and time constraints. Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation of Making a HIIT provides important insights into the implementation of school-based HIIT, including encouragings findings for student enjoyment and fidelity and recommendations for improving dosage that should be considered when developing future interventions. Trial Registration ACTRN, ACTRN12622000534785, Registered 5 April 2022 – Retrospectively registered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Was it a HIIT? A process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training intervention

Duncombe,

Barker,

Price

et al. 2024

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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“…Individuals undertook the standard PE program in the rest of the lessons and the third lesson of the week. In every exercise session, the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale was utilized to assess effort level, fatigue, and training load, aiming for a score of 7–8 on a scale that is a valid method of intensity monitoring among youth in school settings [ 29 ]. The details of the realized intervention are also presented in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength in Adolescents Following High-Intensity Functional Training with Bodyweight Resistance Exercises in Physical Education Lessons

Koźlenia,

Popowczak,

Szafraniec

et al. 2024

JCM

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(1) Background: The growing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and declining physical fitness among children and adolescents due to sedentary lifestyles has increased attention toward preventive intervention to tackle this issue. This study investigated the age-related effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), based on bodyweight resistance exercises conducted during physical education lessons, on muscle mass and strength improvement. (2) Methods: Adolescent males (n = 116) were allocated to four HIFT experimental groups (EGs) and four standard physical education program control groups (CGs) according to age (15, 16, 17, and 18 years [y]). The changes in muscle mass (absolute and relative to height [SMI]), hand–grip strength (HGS), sit-ups (SUs), and standing broad jump (SBJ) were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni tests. (3) Results: HIFT significantly increased muscle mass and scores in all strength tests (p < 0.01), while chronological age was significant for HGS (p < 0.01). Interactions between HIFT and chronological age categories were observed for HGS (p = 0.01) and SBJ (p < 0.03). Detailed post hoc tests revealed improvement in muscle mass across all chronological age categories for both approaches (p < 0.05). The 18y-EG group improved HGS over their control peers (p < 0.01), the EG groups significantly improved their SU results (p < 0.01), and SBJ improved in the 15y-EG and 18y-EG groups compared to their control (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusions: This research highlights the effectiveness of a school-based HIFT program in promoting muscle mass gains and enhancing muscle strength among adolescents. The findings offer valuable insights for implementing bodyweight exercises during physical education classes.

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Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Liu,

Wadey,

Barker

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Several systematic reviews have been published to investigate the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in schools. However, there has been limited attention given to understanding the functioning of the intervention processes, which is of paramount importance for interpreting and translating the intervention effectiveness. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the extent to which process evaluation is measured in school-based HIIT interventions and to explore the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body composition, muscular strength, and blood pressure. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in SPORT Discus (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Scopus, Medline (Ovid) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The extent to which process evaluation is measured was narratively reported, alongside with the guidance of process evaluation of complex interventions by UK Medical Research Council. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to determine the effects of process evaluation and intervention characteristics to the intervention outcomes. Results The literature search identified 77 studies reporting on 45 school-based HIIT interventions. In total, five interventions reported process evaluation in a section or in a separate study, and only one intervention adopted a process evaluation framework. On average, 6 out of 12 process evaluation measures were reported in all interventions. Subgroup analyses did not indicate any beneficial treatment effects for studies with process evaluation group, whereas all pooled data and studies without process evaluation group showed significant improvement for CRF and body composition. Conclusion Process evaluation is frequently omitted in the literature of school-based HIIT in children and adolescents. Although reporting of process evaluation measures may not directly associate with better intervention outcomes, it allows accurate interpretation of intervention outcomes, thereby enhancing the generalisability and dissemination of the interventions.

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Making a HIIT: Methods for quantifying intensity in high-intensity interval training in schools and validity of session rating of perceived exertion

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Was it a HIIT? A process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training intervention

Was it a HIIT? A process evaluation of a school-based high-intensity interval training intervention

Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength in Adolescents Following High-Intensity Functional Training with Bodyweight Resistance Exercises in Physical Education Lessons

Process evaluation of school-based high-intensity interval training interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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