Major Latex Protein MdMLP423 Negatively Regulates Defense against Fungal Infections in Apple

He, Shikun; Yuan, Gaopeng; Bian, Shuxun; Han, Xiaolei; Li, Kai; Peng, Cong; Zhang, Caixia

doi:10.3390/ijms21051879

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Its function to fungal invasion is still unclear. Recently, in an RNAseq study of fungus–apple interaction, one MLP gene was found to impact a handful of defense-related genes including transcription factors (He et al 2020 ). It seems that MLP genes play important roles for defense in many crops including sugar beet; details of their function remain to be elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major latex protein-like encoding genes contribute to Rhizoctonia solani defense responses in sugar beet

et al. 2020

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Sugar beets are attacked by several pathogens that cause root damages. Rhizoctonia (Greek for “root killer”) is one of them. Rhizoctonia root rot has become an increasing problem for sugar beet production and to decrease yield losses agronomical measures are adopted. Here, two partially resistant and two susceptible sugar beet genotypes were used for transcriptome analysis to discover new defense genes to this fungal disease, information to be implemented in molecular resistance breeding. Among 217 transcripts with increased expression at 2 days post-infection (dpi), three resistance-like genes were found. These genes were not significantly elevated at 5 dpi, a time point when increased expression of three Bet v I/Major latex protein (MLP) homologous genes BvMLP1, BvMLP2 and BvML3 was observed in the partially resistant genotypes. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis on diseased sugar beet seedlings validated the activity of BvMLP1 and BvMLP3 observed in the transcriptome during challenge by R. solani. The three BvMLP genes were cloned and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to further dissect their individual contribution. Transgenic plants were also compared to T-DNA mutants of orthologous MLP genes. Plants overexpressing BvMLP1 and BvMLP3 showed significantly less infection whereas additive effects were seen on Atmlp1/Atmlp3 double mutants. The data suggest that BvMLP1 and BvMLP3 may contribute to the reduction of the Rhizoctonia root rot disease in sugar beet. Impact on the defense reaction from other differential expressed genes observed in the study is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major latex protein-like encoding genes contribute to Rhizoctonia solani defense responses in sugar beet

et al. 2020

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“…Nevertheless, functionality of this candidate gene can be inferred from previous functional characterization studies of MLP-like protein-encoding genes, which have demonstrated the critical role of this gene family as a positive regulator of plant defense against fungal infection in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Yang et al, 2015) and apple [Malus domestica (Suckow) Borkh.] (He et al, 2020). Therefore, the colocalization of the Glyma.15G217100 gene with the peak SNP and the variation of its expression level induced by P. sojae in the PIs carrying the R allele make this gene an interesting candidate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping of partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean PIs using whole‐genome sequencing reveals a major QTL

et al. 2021

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In the last decade, more than 70 quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] partial resistance (PR) against Phytophthora sojae have been identified by genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). However, most of them have either a minor effect on the resistance level or are specific to a single phenotypic variable or one isolate, thereby limiting their use in breeding programs. In this study, we have used an analytical approach combining (a) the phenotypic characterization of a diverse panel of 357 soybean accessions for resistance to P. sojae captured through a single variable, corrected dry weight; (b) a new hydroponic assay allowing the inoculation of a combination of P. sojae isolates covering the spectrum of commercially relevant Rps genes; and (c) exhaustive genotyping through whole‐genome resequencing (WGS). This led to the identification of a novel P. sojae resistance QTL with a relatively major effect compared with the previously reported QTL. The QTL interval, spanning ∼500 kb on chromosome (Chr) 15, does not colocalize with previously reported QTL for P. sojae resistance. Plants carrying the favorable allele at this QTL were 60% more resistant. Eight genes were found to reside in the linkage disequilibrium (LD) block containing the peak single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) including Glyma.15G217100, which encodes a major latex protein (MLP)‐like protein, with a functional annotation related to pathogen resistance. Expression analysis of Glyma.15G217100 indicated that it was nearly eight times more highly expressed in a group of plant introductions (PIs) carrying the resistant (R) allele compared with those carrying the susceptible (S) allele within a short period after inoculation. These results offer new and valuable options to develop improved soybean cultivars with broad resistance to P. sojae through marker‐assisted selection.

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“…The last defense-associated protein found to be upregulated in the O 3 -exposed fruits inoculated with B. cinerea was the MLP. MLP and the orthologs of MLP (MLP-like protein) belong to the PR10 family and have been found in several plant species, including apple, and most of them are expressed during fruit ripening ( He et al, 2020 ; Song et al, 2020 ). Although the precise molecular basis of protection of plants by MLPs against plant pathogens currently is unclear, evidence has been provided for their induction on several plant hosts against a wide range of plant pathogens such as fungi, viruses, and phytoplasmas ( Segarra et al, 2013 ; Yang et al, 2015 ; Gai et al, 2018 ; Song et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling Interactions of the Necrotrophic Fungal Species Botrytis cinerea With 1-Methylcyclopropene or Ozone-Treated Apple Fruit Using Proteomic Analysis

Testempasis

Tanou²,

Minas

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Gray mold caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea is one of the major postharvest diseases of apple fruit. The exogenous application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and gaseous ozone (O 3) is commonly used to ensure postharvest fruit quality. However, the effect of these treatments on the susceptibility of apple fruit to postharvest pathogens remains largely unknown. Herein, the effect of O 3 and 1-MCP treatments on the development of gray mold on apple fruit (cv. “Granny Smith”) was investigated. Artificially inoculated apple fruits, treated or not with 1-MCP, were subjected for 2 months to cold storage [0°C, relative humidity (RH) 95%] either in an O3-enriched atmosphere or in a conventional cold chamber. Minor differences between 1-MCP-treated and control fruits were found in terms of disease expression; however, exposure to ozone resulted in a decrease of disease severity by more than 50% compared with 1-MCP-treated and untreated fruits. Proteomic analysis was conducted to determine proteome changes in the mesocarp tissue of control and 1-MCP- or O3-treated fruits in the absence or in the presence of inoculation with B. cinerea. In the non-inoculated fruits, 26 proteins were affected by 1-MCP, while 51 proteins were altered by ozone. Dynamic changes in fruit proteome were also observed in response to B. cinerea. In O3-treated fruits, a significant number of disease/defense-related proteins were increased in comparison with control fruit. Among these proteins, higher accumulation levels were observed for allergen, major allergen, ACC oxidase, putative NBS-LRR disease resistance protein, major latex protein (MLP)-like protein, or 2-Cys peroxiredoxin. In contrast, most of these proteins were down-accumulated in 1-MCP-treated fruits that were challenged with B. cinerea. These results suggest that ozone exposure may contribute to the reduction of gray mold in apple fruits, while 1-MCP was not effective in affecting this disease. This is the first study deciphering differential regulations of apple fruit proteome upon B. cinerea infection and postharvest storage treatments, underlying aspects of host response related to the gray mold disease.

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Major Latex Protein MdMLP423 Negatively Regulates Defense against Fungal Infections in Apple

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Major latex protein-like encoding genes contribute to Rhizoctonia solani defense responses in sugar beet

Major latex protein-like encoding genes contribute to Rhizoctonia solani defense responses in sugar beet

Mapping of partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean PIs using whole‐genome sequencing reveals a major QTL

Unraveling Interactions of the Necrotrophic Fungal Species Botrytis cinerea With 1-Methylcyclopropene or Ozone-Treated Apple Fruit Using Proteomic Analysis

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