Major ion chemistry of groundwater from perched-water bodies of the Azores (Portugal) volcanic archipelago

Cruz, J. Virgílio; Amaral, C.

doi:10.1016/s0883-2927(03)00135-5

Cited by 65 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This low overall mineralization is common in springs located in perched-water aquifers in the archipelago [54,55]; an inverse relationship is presented by water conductivity and spring elevation (r = −0.566) which points out that discharges located at higher altitudes correspond to groundwater with a low residence time ( Figure 4B). …”

Section: Data Presentationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nitrates in Groundwater Discharges from the Azores Archipelago: Occurrence and Fluxes to Coastal Waters

Cruz

Andrade

Pacheco³

et al. 2017

Water

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Abstract:Groundwater discharge is an important vector of chemical fluxes to the ocean environment, and as the concentration of nutrients is often higher in discharging groundwater, the deterioration of water quality in the receiving environment can be the result. The main objective of the present paper is to estimate the total NO 3 flux to coastal water bodies due to groundwater discharge in the volcanic Azores archipelago (Portugal). Therefore, 78 springs discharging from perched-water bodies have been monitored since 2003, corresponding to cold (mean = 14.9 • C) and low mineralized (47.2-583 µS/cm) groundwater from the sodium-bicarbonate to sodium-chloride water types. A set of 36 wells was also monitored, presenting groundwater with a higher mineralization. The nitrate content in springs range between 0.02 and 37.4 mg/L, and the most enriched samples are associated to the impact of agricultural activities. The total groundwater NO 3 flux to the ocean is estimated in the range of 5.23 × 10 3 to 190.6 × 10 3 mol/km 2 /a (∑ =~523 × 10 3 mol/km 2 /a), exceeding the total flux associated to surface runoff (∑ =~281 × 10 3 mol/km 2 /a). In the majority of the islands, the estimated fluxes are higher than runoff fluxes, with the exception of Pico (47.2%), Corvo (46%) and Faial (7.2%). The total N-NO 3 flux estimated in the Azores (~118.9 × 10 3 mol/km 2 /a) is in the lower range of estimates made in other volcanic islands.

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Section: Data Presentationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Nitrates in Groundwater Discharges from the Azores Archipelago: Occurrence and Fluxes to Coastal Waters

Cruz

Andrade

Pacheco³

et al. 2017

Water

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“…Similarly, in Factor I, the loadings of Na + and Cl − during high flow and Na + and K + during low flow period indicate weathering of silicate rocks (Chen et al 2002;Cruz and Amaral 2004). Factor II has loadings of SiO 2 or silicate processes.…”

Section: Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatio-temporal patterns and factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of the river Jhelum basin, Kashmir Himalaya

Mir

Jeelani

Dar

2016

Environ Monit Assess

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River Jhelum is a major source of water for growing population and irrigation in the Kashmir Himalaya. The region is trending towards water scarcity as well as quality deterioration stage due to its highly unregulated development. The existence of few literature on various aspects of the basin prompts us to study the spatio-temporal variability of its physicochemical parameters and thereby to understand the regulating hydrogeochemical mechanisms based on 50 samples collected during high flow (June 2008) and low flow (January 2009) periods. The water chemistry exhibited significant spatial variability reflecting the mixing processes in the basin. The seasonal effect does change the concentration of ions significantly with modest variability in the order of ionic abundance. The Ca(2+) ion among cations and HCO3 (-) ion among anions dominate the ionic budget and correlates significantly with the diverse lithology of the basin. Three major water types, i.e., Ca-Mg-HCO3 (72 %), Ca-HCO3 (12 %), and Mg-Ca-HCO3 (16 %), suggest that the chemical composition of water is dominantly controlled by carbonate lithology, besides a significant contribution from silicates. However, at certain sites, the biological processes and anthropogenic activities play a major role. Relatively, the lower ionic concentration during high flow period (summer season) suggested the significant influence of higher discharge via dilution effect. The higher discharge due to higher rainfall and snow melting in response to rising temperature in this period leads to strong flushing of human and agricultural wastes into the river. The factor analysis also reflected the dominant control of varied lithology and anthropogenic sources on the water quality based on the four significant factors explaining collectively about 70-81 % of the total data variance. A two-member chloride mixing model used to estimate the discharge contribution of tributaries to the main river channel showed reliable results. It may be mentioned that the regular and continuous contamination through anthropogenic sources is likely to jeopardize and degrade the water quality in the near future. Thus, critical management approaches and strategies are very imperative for its future sustainability.

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“…It showed that all the river water samples during the study fall in the field Ca-Mg-HCO 3 type. The chemical composition of the study area is influenced by rainfall, climate, rock type, rock division and various human activities (Cruz and Amaral 2004).…”

Section: Hydrochemical Faciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water quality evaluation of Himalayan Rivers of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, India

Seth¹,

Mohan²,

Singh³

et al. 2014

Appl Water Sci

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Water quality of Himalayan rivers has been steadily deteriorating over several decades due to anthropogenic activities, dumping of treated or untreated effluents, poor structured sewerage and drainage system, etc. In the present study, the water quality of five important rivers namely, Gola, Kosi, Ramganga, Saryu and Lohawati rivers were investigated which flow through the different districts of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The water of all these rivers serves as the major source for drinking and irrigation purposes in these districts of the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. River water samples collected in premonsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the years 2011 and 2012 were analyzed for various water quality characteristics. Statistical analyses indicate positive correlation among most of the chemical parameters. Piper diagram illustrates that all the water samples fall in Ca-Mg-HCO 3 hydrochemical facies, Moreover, the suitability of water for drinking purposes determined by water quality index indicated that river water in both the seasons is unsuitable. Irrigation water quality of all the river water was found suitable during both the seasons according to the result of sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage and residual sodium carbonate. The present study revealed that major factors contributing to deterioration of water quality of all the rivers might be eutrophication, tourism, anthropogenic and geogenic processes. Therefore, to restore the vitality and water quality of all these rivers, proper water resource planning programme should be developed.

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Major ion chemistry of groundwater from perched-water bodies of the Azores (Portugal) volcanic archipelago

Cited by 65 publications

References 24 publications

Nitrates in Groundwater Discharges from the Azores Archipelago: Occurrence and Fluxes to Coastal Waters

Nitrates in Groundwater Discharges from the Azores Archipelago: Occurrence and Fluxes to Coastal Waters

Spatio-temporal patterns and factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of the river Jhelum basin, Kashmir Himalaya

Water quality evaluation of Himalayan Rivers of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, India

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