Major entero-pathogens in human, domestic animals and environmental samples from the same locality: Prevalence and Transmission Considerations in Coastal Odisha, India

Abstract

At least 1 microbial agent was detected in 49.0%, 44.7%, and 40.0% of the samples from human, animals, and soil, respectively. Among humans, rotavirus was predominantly detected (17.4%) followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (15.4%), Shigella (13.8), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (9.7%). Among animals, STEC was detected most frequently (28.0%), and EPEC was the major enteric pathogen detected in soil (30.0%). The detection rate of rotavirus was higher among younger children (≤2 years) than among older children. Single infections were more commonly detected than multiple infections in humans (p<0.01), unlike the observations in animal and soil samples. For diarrhoeagenic E. coli and Shigella, most of the human and animal isolates showed close relatedness, suggesting possible cross-infection between humans and domesticated animals in the area studied. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides an improved understanding of the distribution of major enteric pathogens coexisting in humans and animals in the region, thereby suggesting a high potential for possible transmission among livestock and communities residing in the studied locality.

&lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt; Pathotypes in Children with Acute Diarrhea in an Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya

“…In India, living in close quarters with domestic animals has been associated with increased risk of EHEC infections in humans [31]. Environmental transmission could also be a source for EHEC infection in children especially during their explorative stages [32].…”

<i>In vitro</i> antioxidant and antidiarrheal activities of aqueous and <i>n</i>-hexane extracts of <i>Cucurbita maxima</i> seed in castor oil-induced diarrheal rats

“…The conditions are due to imbalanced occurring in the secretory or absorptive physiologies of electrolyte and water (Whyte & Jenkins, 2012). Some pathogenic agents, such as enteropathogenic bacteria, Giardia and cryptosporidium are causes of persistent diarrhea (Shrivastava et al, 2020). The treatments of diarrhea are often done using medications which inhibits prostaglandin secretions, antisecretory and antispasmodic drugs, such as loperamide, atropine and diaretyl (Agbor et al, 2014;Rang et al, 2007).…”