Major element composition of an Early Enriched Reservoir: constraints from 142Nd/144Nd isotope systematics in the early Earth and high-pressure melting experiments of a primitive peridotite

Kondo, Norio; Yoshino, Takashi; Matsukage, Kyoko N.; Kogiso, Tetsu

doi:10.1186/s40645-016-0099-0

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…In the Hadean (4.5 to 4.0 billion years before present (Ga)), in what is now the Earth’s mantle, olivine began to precipitate in a relatively short-lived magma ocean and in super plumes induced through giant impacts [ 8 , 70 , 84 , 85 ]. A depth of 410 km marks the beginning of a transition zone in the mantle.…”

Section: Four Minerals To Set the Stage For Life’s Emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Six ‘Must-Have’ Minerals for Life’s Emergence: Olivine, Pyrrhotite, Bridgmanite, Serpentine, Fougerite and Mackinawite

Russell

Ponce

2020

Life

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Life cannot emerge on a planet or moon without the appropriate electrochemical disequilibria and the minerals that mediate energy-dissipative processes. Here, it is argued that four minerals, olivine ([Mg>Fe]2SiO4), bridgmanite ([Mg,Fe]SiO3), serpentine ([Mg,Fe,]2-3Si2O5[OH)]4), and pyrrhotite (Fe(1−x)S), are an essential requirement in planetary bodies to produce such disequilibria and, thereby, life. Yet only two minerals, fougerite ([Fe2+6xFe3+6(x−1)O12H2(7−3x)]2+·[(CO2−)·3H2O]2−) and mackinawite (Fe[Ni]S), are vital—comprising precipitate membranes—as initial “free energy” conductors and converters of such disequilibria, i.e., as the initiators of a CO2-reducing metabolism. The fact that wet and rocky bodies in the solar system much smaller than Earth or Venus do not reach the internal pressure (≥23 GPa) requirements in their mantles sufficient for producing bridgmanite and, therefore, are too reduced to stabilize and emit CO2—the staple of life—may explain the apparent absence or negligible concentrations of that gas on these bodies, and thereby serves as a constraint in the search for extraterrestrial life. The astrobiological challenge then is to search for worlds that (i) are large enough to generate internal pressures such as to produce bridgmanite or (ii) boast electron acceptors, including imported CO2, from extraterrestrial sources in their hydrospheres.

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Section: Four Minerals To Set the Stage For Life’s Emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

Six ‘Must-Have’ Minerals for Life’s Emergence: Olivine, Pyrrhotite, Bridgmanite, Serpentine, Fougerite and Mackinawite

Russell

Ponce

2020

Life

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“…Calculated melt fraction required for the formation of the missing reservoir as a function of the time since the solar system formation. The gray vertical bar is the maximum time of the missing reservoir formation[1,4,20]. Modified from Ref [1]…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The gray vertical bar is the maximum time of the missing reservoir formation[1,4,20]. Modified from Ref [1]…”

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Differentiation in the Early Earth's Interior: Constraints from Isotope Geochemistry and High-Pressure Experiments

Kogiso

Kondo

2017

The Review of High Pressure Science and Technology

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We conducted isotopic model calculations and high-pressure melting experiments in order to estimate the major element composition of the"missing reservoir" , which is a supposed component that should compensate the difference in 142 Nd/ 144 Nd ratio between the bulk silicate Earth and carbonaceous chondrite, from which the Earth is assumed to have formed. Our estimation demonstrated that the missing reservoir should have picritic to komatiitic composition, and that it was likely to have been lost from the Earth's surface by a giant impact event at the last stage of the Earth formation. ［early Earth, early crust, mantle, missing reservoir, neodymium isotope, melting experiment］

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Preface for the article collection “High-Pressure Earth and Planetary Science in the last and next decade”

Sakamaki

Suzuki

Mysen

2016

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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A special session entitled "Early Earth -from accumulation to formation-" was held on May 24, 2015 during the Japan Geoscience Union (JpGU) annual meeting. This session aimed to bring together high-pressure/hightemperature experiment on physics and chemistry of deep Earth materials, natural observation, and theoretical modeling within the principal subject areas of "Early Earth" research. Twenty-six oral and seven poster presentations were given at this session ( Fig. 1). Two review and seven research articles from that session are included in this SPEPS. These articles cover Earth's formation/evolution (de Vries et al. 2016;Kondo et al. 2016), magma and fluid in the interior of the Earth (Mysen 2015;Ohira et al. 2016;Poli 2016;Reynard 2016), Earth's deep mantle (McCammon et al. 2016;Zhang et al. 2016), and methods using synchrotron radiation (Yu et al. 2016).Giant impact events during planetary accretion caused large degrees of melting of the early Earth. De Vries et al. (2016) simulated the volumes of melt, pressure, and temperature conditions of metal-silicate equilibration after each impact, and demonstrated that the pressure evolution during metal-silicate equilibration during accretion depends strongly on the lifetime of impactgenerated magma oceans compared to the time interval between large impacts. Kondo et al. (2016) estimated major element composition of an early Earth reservoir (EER) with the aid of 142 Nd/ 144 Nd isotope systematics to determine the age and pressure-temperature conditions to form the EER. They concluded that the EER formed within 33.5 Myr of Solar System formation and at near-solidus temperatures and pressures of shallow upper mantle conditions. The picritic to komatiitic crust (EER) most likely would have been ejected from the Earth by the last giant impact or preceding impacts. They concluded, therefore, the EER was lost, leaving the Earth more depleted than its original composition.The existence of magma and fluid is one of the most unique features of the Earth. These materials are principal agents of mass and energy transfer in and on the Earth and are, therefore, responsible for the many unique features of formation, evolution, and present day processes of the Earth. In subduction zone environments, fluids are particularly important. With this consideration in mind, Poli (2016) studied the melting carbonated epidote eclogites. The subsolidus breakdown of epidote in the presence of carbonates at depths exceeding 120 km provides a major source of C-O-H volatiles at sub-arc depth. In warm subduction zones, the possibility of extracting carbonatitic liquids from a variety of gabbroic rocks and epidosites offers new scenarios on the metasomatic processes in the lithospheric wedge of subduction zones and a new mechanism for recycling carbon. Reynard (2016) reviewed the mantle hydration and Cl-rich fluids in the subduction forearc. Mysen (2015) reported the Zr 4+ transport capacity of water-rich fluids. His results imply that fluid released during high-temperature/high-pressure dehydr...

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Major element composition of an Early Enriched Reservoir: constraints from 142Nd/144Nd isotope systematics in the early Earth and high-pressure melting experiments of a primitive peridotite

Cited by 3 publications

References 78 publications

Six ‘Must-Have’ Minerals for Life’s Emergence: Olivine, Pyrrhotite, Bridgmanite, Serpentine, Fougerite and Mackinawite

Six ‘Must-Have’ Minerals for Life’s Emergence: Olivine, Pyrrhotite, Bridgmanite, Serpentine, Fougerite and Mackinawite

Differentiation in the Early Earth's Interior: Constraints from Isotope Geochemistry and High-Pressure Experiments

Preface for the article collection “High-Pressure Earth and Planetary Science in the last and next decade”

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