Major Disease Vectors in Tanzania: Distribution, Control and Challenges

Kweka, Eliningaya J.; Kimaro, Epiphania E; Kimaro, Esther Gwae; Nagagi, YakobP.; Malele, Imna

doi:10.5772/67109

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Above 70% of the residents in both districts own pieces of land and majority of them engage in subsistence farming [19], [23]. The pattern of climatic conditions and land use are contributing factors toward the persistence of the perennial breeding sites for mosquitoes and other diseases vectors [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with access to Insecticide-Treated Nets and use of house modification in Bagamoyo and Ulanga districts, Tanzania

Odufuwa

Ross

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Insecticide-treated Nets (ITNs) and house modifications are proven vector control tools, yet full coverage has frequently not been achieved. This study investigates factors associated with ITN access and use of house modification in Tanzania. Methods: Baseline data from cross-sectional surveys was analysed from 7,240 households in Bagamoyo (60km north of Dar es Salaam) and 1,241 households in Ulanga (a remote rural area), from previous studies on spatial repellants and indoor residual spray evaluation. We estimated the associations between the outcomes: population access to ITNs, ITN per sleeping spaces, presence of window screens and closed eaves, and the covariates household size, age, gender, pregnancy, education, mosquito entry (doors and windows), house modification (window screens & closed eaves), mean distance to mosquito breeding sites and wealth using regression models. Result: Population access to ITNs (households with one ITN per two potential people that stayed in the house the previous night of the survey) was 64% (56 - 71) and ITNs per sleeping spaces (households with enough ITNs to cover all sleeping spaces used the previous night of the survey) was 63% (54 - 72) in Bagamoyo, three years after the last Universal Coverage Campaigns (UCC). These findings are both lower than the 80% coverage target of the Tanzania National Malaria Strategic Plan (Tanzania NMSP). In Ulanga, population access to ITNs was 84% (78 - 91) and ITNs per sleeping spaces was 93% (89 - 97), one year after the last UCC. Household size was significantly associated with lower access to ITNs even shortly after UCC. House modification was common in both areas. In Bagamoyo, screened windows were more common than closed eaves (61% vs 14%) whereas in Ulanga more houses had closed eaves than window screens (55% vs 12%). Households in the poorest quintile were less likely to adopt window screening and closing eaves in Bagamoyo, this contrasts with Ulanga district where a greater proportion of poorer households blocked eaves with mud but were less likely to adopt screening.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pattern of climatic conditions and land use are contributing factors toward the persistence 1 of the perennial breeding sites for mosquitoes and other diseases vectors [24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with access to Insecticide-Treated Nets and use of house modification in Bagamoyo and Ulanga districts, Tanzania

Odufuwa

Ross

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, most recently, the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and larvae control approaches against mosquito vectors have been observed across some African countries (Tonglet et al, 2004;Oyinloye et al, 2014;Tesfazghi et al, 2016). For example, Tanzania, in the quest to eradicate vector-borne diseases, has adopted the following control methods: indoor residual spray, long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs), larval source management (LSM), use of repellents, use of coils, fumigation and house modification (Kweka et al, 2017;Makungu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Mosquito and Snail Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding key vectors and vector-borne diseases associated with freshwater ecosystem across Africa: Implications for public health

Okoro

Deme

Okoye

et al. 2023

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Above 70% of the residents in both districts own pieces of land and the majority of them engage in subsistence farming [18,21]. The pattern of climatic conditions and land use are contributing factors toward malaria transmission [22].…”

Section: Study Area and Socio-demographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household factors associated with access to insecticide-treated nets and house modification in Bagamoyo and Ulanga districts, Tanzania

Odufuwa

Ross

Mlacha

et al. 2020

Malar J

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Background: Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and house modifications are proven vector control tools, yet in most regions, full coverage has not been achieved. This study investigates household factors associated with access to ITNs and house modification in Tanzania. Methods: Baseline cross-sectional survey data from previous studies on spatial repellants and indoor residual spray evaluation was analysed from 6757 households in Bagamoyo (60 km north of Dar es Salaam) and 1241 households in Ulanga (a remote rural area in southeast Tanzania), respectively. Regression models were used to estimate the associations between the outcomes: population access to ITNs, access to ITN per sleeping spaces, window screens and closed eaves, and the covariates household size, age, gender, pregnancy, education, house size, house modification (window screens and closed eaves) and wealth. Results: Population access to ITNs (households with one ITN per two people that stayed in the house the previous night of the survey) was 69% (n = 4663) and access to ITNs per sleeping spaces (households with enough ITNs to cover all sleeping spaces used the previous night of the survey) was 45% (n = 3010) in Bagamoyo, 3 years after the last mass campaign. These findings are both lower than the least 80% coverage target of the Tanzania National Malaria Strategic Plan (Tanzania NMSP). In Ulanga, population access to ITNs was 92% (n = 1143) and ITNs per sleeping spaces was 88% (n = 1093), 1 year after the last Universal Coverage Campaign (UCC). Increased household size was significantly associated with lower access to ITNs even shortly after UCC. House modification was common in both areas but influenced by wealth. In Bagamoyo, screened windows were more common than closed eaves (65% vs 13%), whereas in Ulanga more houses had closed eaves than window screens (55% vs 12%). Conclusion: Population access to ITNs was substantially lower than the targets of the Tanzania NMSP after 3 years and lower among larger households after 1 year following ITN campaign. House modification was common in both areas, associated with wealth. Improved access to ITNs and window screens through subsidies and Behaviour Change Communication (BCC) strategies, especially among large and poor households and those headed by people with a low level of education, could maximize the uptake of a combination of these two interventions.

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Major Disease Vectors in Tanzania: Distribution, Control and Challenges

Cited by 6 publications

References 124 publications

Factors associated with access to Insecticide-Treated Nets and use of house modification in Bagamoyo and Ulanga districts, Tanzania

Factors associated with access to Insecticide-Treated Nets and use of house modification in Bagamoyo and Ulanga districts, Tanzania

Understanding key vectors and vector-borne diseases associated with freshwater ecosystem across Africa: Implications for public health

Household factors associated with access to insecticide-treated nets and house modification in Bagamoyo and Ulanga districts, Tanzania

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