Major depressive disorder and suicide risk among adult outpatients at several general hospitals in a Chinese Han population

Abstract

BackgroundSomatic complaints are often the presenting symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in the outpatient context, because this may go unrecognized. It is well understood that MDD carries an increased risk of suicide. This study aimed to identify the risk factors and association with both MDD and suicidality among Han Chinese outpatients.MethodsA multicenter study was carried out in 5189 outpatient adults (≥18 years old) in four general hospitals in Guangzhou, China. The 1392 patients who had the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ≥ 5, indicating depressive symptoms were offered an interview with a psychiatrist by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); 819 patients consented and completed the MINI interview. MINI module B was used to assess suicidality. Stepwise binary logistic models were used to estimate the relationship between a significant risk factor and suicide or MDD. According to with or without MDD, the secondary analysis was performed using the logistic regression model for the risk of suicidility.ResultsThe current prevalence of MDD and the one month prevalence of suicidality were 3.7% and 2.3% respectively. The odds ratio of suicidality in women was more than twice that in men (OR = 2.62; 95% CI 1.45–4.76). Other risk factors which were significantly associated with suicidality were: living alone, higher education, self-reported depression, getting psychiatric diagnoses (MDD, anxiety disorders, and bipolar disorders). Significant risk factors for MDD were also noticed, such as comorbid anxiety disorders, self-reported anxiety, insomnia, suicidal ideation.LimitationIt’s a cross-sectional study in outpatient clinics using self-report questionnaires.ConclusionThis study provides valuable data about the risk factors and association of MDD and suicide risk in adult outpatients in Han Chinese. Those factors allow better the employment of preventative measures.

Psychological disturbances in patients with pigmentary disorders: a cross‐sectional study

“…13 This burden originates in two major sequelae of depression: declining physical health and suicide. Pigmentary disorders such as vitiligo, melasma and ADMH are chronic diseases with a relapsing and remitting course.…”

“…Major depressive disorder is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. 13 This burden originates in two major sequelae of depression: declining physical health and suicide. In the current study, major depressive disorder was identified in 10.5% vitiligo patients and 7.7% patients with ADMH, which is much higher than general population in India.…”

Determinants of suicidal ideation among patients with mental disorders visiting psychiatry outpatient unit in Mekelle town, psychiatric clinics, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: a case–control study

“…A study conducted in China showed that GAD (AOR = 1.15 95% CI 1.09-1.22), other psychiatric diagnoses including MDD (AOR = 11.9, 95% CI 6.6 ± 21.5, P < 0.001) and anxiety disorders (AOR = 8.45 95% CI 15.23-22.75), and bipolar disorders (AOR = 4.42, 95% CI 8.23-12.09) were risk factors that associated with suicidality did not receive MDD diagnosis, whereas risk of suicidality in patients diagnosed with MDD were: female (AOR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.0-5.1, P = 0.042) and had anxiety disorder (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.17-4.28, P = 0.015) [8].…”

Interaction between anxiety and depression on suicidal ideation, quality of life, and work productivity impairment: Results from a representative sample of the Lebanese population

“…5 One of the major and well-known risk factors for suicide and suicidal ideation is depression. 6 Depression with comorbid anxiety also had a remarkable suicide risks and a notable suicide related mortality among other psychiatric disorders, 7,8 with depressive/ anxiety disorder being also independently associated with more Pascale Salameh and Souheil Hallit are last co-authors. suicidal ideation.…”

“…9 Both are more commonly comorbid than separate, and anxiety in the context of MDD (major depressive disorder) increases the chances of suicidal ideation. 8 In one of the community surveys conducted by the World Health Organization in 21 countries, the lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation was 9% 10 and that the lifetime prevalence of nonfatal suicide attempts is 3%. 10 Anxiety has been also associated with decreased work productivity, functional disability, and sickness absence.…”