Major clades of Agaricales: a multilocus phylogenetic overview

Abstract

An overview of the phylogeny of the Agaricales is presented based on a multilocus analysis of a six-gene region supermatrix. Bayesian analyses of 5611 nucleotide characters of rpb1, rpb1-intron 2, rpb2 and 18S, 25S, and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes recovered six major clades, which are recognized informally and labeled the Agaricoid, Tricholomatoid, Marasmioid, Pluteoid, Hygrophoroid and Plicaturopsidoid clades. Each clade is discussed in terms of key morphological and ecological traits. At least 11 origins of the ectomycorrhizal habit appear to have evolved in the Agaricales, with possibly as many as nine origins in the Agaricoid plus Tricholomatoid clade alone. A family-based phylogenetic classification is sketched for the Agaricales, in which 30 families, four unplaced tribes and two informally named clades are recognized.

New species ofStrophariafromAraucaria angustifoliaforests of southern Brazil

“…P. Kumm. by European authors (Noordeloos 1999), recent molecular studies have supported its recognition as an independent genus (Moncalvo et al 2002, Matheny et al 2006.…”

Seven New Recorded Species in Five Genera of the Strophariaceae in Korea

“…Neighbor-joining tree were constructed using the ITS dataset with MEGA with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. For the outgroup species, Cortinarius carneipallidus and Simocybe serrulata were selected based on a previous study [59]. Intraspecific dissimilarity was calculated using MEGA.…”

“…Strophariaceae are found on various substrates such as soil, dung, plant litter, and grass roots [3]. Most species in this family are saprotrophs and found on various kinds of decaying organic matter while several species are ectomycorrhizal fungi [45]. Some species of Strophariaceae have potential positive medicinal attributes such as anticancer agents [6].…”

“…The introduction of molecular phylogenetics to fungal taxonomy and evolution has been crucial in shedding light on the phylogenetic relationships of the Strophariaceae [58]. For example, phylogenetic studies using the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) clarified the evolutionary relationships in the genera Galerina and Gymnopilus [910].…”

The genus Coprinellus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species

“…species ( B.coprophilus , B.elegans , B.lacteus , B.reticulatus , B.subvolvatus , B.titubans ) and two species of Galerella Earle ( G.floriformis , G.nigeriensis ). Nevertheless, taken together, at least eight independent lineages with coprinoid fruiting bodies have hitherto been identified in the Psathyrellaceae (3), Bolbitiaceae (3) and Agaricaceae (2) (Matheny et al 2006, Nagy 2011, Nagy et al 2011, Tóth et al 2013). …”