Major clades and a revised classification of Magnolia and Magnoliaceae based on whole plastid genome sequences via genome skimming

Abstract

With more than 300 species, the Magnoliaceae family represents a major Magnoliid lineage that is disjunctly distributed in Asia and the New World. The classification of Magnolia s.l. has been highly controversial among taxonomists, varying from one genus with several subgenera, sections, and subsections to several (up to 16) genera. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic study of Magnoliaceae on the basis of sequences of the complete chloroplast genomes with a broad taxon sampling of 86 species. The phylogenetic analyses strongly support 15 major clades within Magnolia s.l. due to the non‐monophyly of subgen. Magnolia, the previous subgeneric treatment that recognizes three subgenera, is not supported. Based on the phylogenetic, morphological, and geographic evidence, we recognize two subfamilies in Magnoliaceae: Liriodendroideae and Magnolioideae, each with one genus, Liriodendron and Magnolia, respectively. Magnolia is herein classified into 15 sections: sects. Magnolia, Manglietia, Michelia, Gwillimia, Gynopodium, Kmeria, Maingola, Oyama, Rytidospermum, Splendentes, Talauma, Tuliparia, Macrophylla, Tulipastrum, and Yulania.

In memory of Professor Tang Yan‐Cheng: New perspectives in systematic and evolutionary biology

“…Increasingly, robust phylogenies based on extensive or complete sampling of species derived from analyses of genomic data are available to serve as the basis for classification. In this issue, Wang et al (2020b) present a revised classification of Magnolia L. and the Magnoliaceae, based on results from phylogenomic analyses of plastid genome sequences from genome skimming with broad taxon sampling. Similarly, Ye et al (2020) conducted a phylogenetic study of Diapensiaceae using chloroplast genome data and a broad sampling of Diapensia L. to address the status of several species.…”

Capturing single-copy nuclear genes, organellar genomes, and nuclear ribosomal DNA from deep genome skimming data for plant phylogenetics: A case study in Vitaceae

“…Genome skimming has often been used to target the high-copy fractions of genomes including plastomes, mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), and nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) repeats (Straub et al, 2012;Dodsworth, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Thode et al, 2020), and these datasets have been widely used for inferring phylogenies in many recent studies. For example, the chloroplast genome has been widely utilized for inferring the phylogenetic relationships at various levels (Bock et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2015;Valcárcel & Wen, 2019;Zhang et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2020), clarifying generic and species delimitations (Wen et al, 2018a;Liu et al, 2019;, as well as acting as an ultra-barcode in plants (Kane et al, 2012;Hollingsworth et al, 2016). The uniparental (mostly maternal, rarely paternal) inheritance and non-recombinant nature of the plastomes make them the ideal marker for tracking the maternal (rarely paternal) history, providing useful evidence to untangle hybridization events in plants (Rieseberg & Soltis, 1991;Sun et al, 2015;Folk et al, 2017;Vargas et al, 2017;Morales-Briones et al, 2018).…”

How to Save Endangered Magnolias? From Population Biology to Conservation Action: The Case of Allopatric Radiation in Western Mexico

“…The family Magnoliaceae Juss. [3] belongs to one of the basal clades in the angiosperms, it consists of 350 species, two genera, Liriodendron L. [4] and Magnolia L. [4] and 15 sections [5]. It is disjunct and bicontinental; in the America and SE Asia, from near sea level to 3400 m [6].…”