Major aromatic VOC in the ambient air in the proximity of an urban landfill facility

Kim, Ki‐Hyun; Shon, Zang–Ho; Kim, Minyoung; Sunwoo, Young; Jeon, Eui-Chan; Hong, Ji-Hyung

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.038

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Zou et al [20], Kim et al [28], Ying et al [29], Gallego et al [30]). This can be attributed to management conditions at the composting site and waste type, as composting sites are likely to have lower BTEX rates (Durmusoglu et al [3], Zou et al [20] ) in Italy for a 0.5-6 km radius around a landfill during winter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Btex Landfill Gas Emissions: A Case Study of Residents in Roodepoort, Gauteng, South Africa

Roffe¹,

Moolla²,

Grab³

2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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Landfills produce pollutants that negatively impact humans and the environment. In developing countries such as South Africa, landfilling is the most common form of solid waste management. People living in close proximity to landfills are particularly at risk to harmful pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although VOCs only constitute ~1% of landfill gas (LFG) emissions, they are of concern as the risk associated with these pollutants is high. Of particular concern within the VOCs, is the BTEX group (viz. benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes). These pollutants are wind dispersed to surrounding residential areas, exposing residents to hazardous gases. BTEX LFG emissions were quantified and spatially mapped using Radiello Passive Samplers (analysed by a GC with built-in FID) in residential areas around a landfill in Roodepoort, South Africa. The BTEX levels ranged from 8.83 to 39.62 µg.m -3 . The effect of the slow south to south-westerly wind speeds of ~2.44 m.s -1 , the valley terrain, and the location of the landfill resulted in a BTEX 'hotspot' north and east of the landfill site. Combined with the passive sampling strategy, a study on residents perceptions revealed that residents were concerned with this 'hotspot' area and linked it to the landfill site. They were furthermore concerned with the landfill's associated pollution and odours. It was concluded that residents living closer to the landfill were at higher risk to BTEX, especially during the winter season. Future work should include sampling at the landfill site, specifically over different time frames to include seasonality, and possibly using different sampling methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Btex Landfill Gas Emissions: A Case Study of Residents in Roodepoort, Gauteng, South Africa

Roffe¹,

Moolla²,

Grab³

2017

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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“…and more than 100 types of non-methane VOCs (USEPA, 1991;Tassi et al 2009). LFG emanation of VOCs is estimated to constitute 10% of the VOCs emissions occurring in the entire US (Kim et al 2008). Under the regulations of New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), all landfill facilities with an annual emission rate above 50 Mg nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) are forced to flare or to utilize LFG (Kim et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common vapour-phase VOCs found in LFG are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (m, p, o-xylene) (BTEX) (Zou et al 2003;Kim et al 2008; Durmusoglu et al 2010). et al 2002;Allen et al 1997; Durmusoglu et al 2010), respectively, which are much larger than those specified in the standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LFG emanation of VOCs is estimated to constitute 10% of the VOCs emissions occurring in the entire US (Kim et al 2008). Under the regulations of New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), all landfill facilities with an annual emission rate above 50 Mg nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) are forced to flare or to utilize LFG (Kim et al 2008). Moreover, the impact of VOCs on the environment and potentially on human health may be more significant than that of the bulk gases (e.g., CH 4 and CO 2 ) (Chiriac et al 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Steady-state analytical model for vapour-phase volatile organic compound (VOC) diffusion in layered landfill composite cover systems

et al. 2017

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An analytical model for one-dimensional vapour-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) diffusion through four-layered landfill composite cover system consisting of a protective layer, a drainage layer, a geomembrane (GMB), and a compacted clay liner (CCL) is developed. Effects of degree of water saturation (S r ), adsorption, and degradation on vapour-phase VOCs diffusion in cover system were then analyzed. Vapour-phase benzene concentration profile increases with increase of S r in the drainage layer and protective layer. When S r1 = S r2 =0.5 (S r1 and S r2 are degree of water saturation of protective layer and drainage layer, respectively.), surface flux for the case with the degree of water saturation of CCL layer S r4 =0.3 is 1.3 and 1560 times larger than that with S r4 =0.7 and S r4 =0.9, respectively. Effect of adsorption of VOCs in CCL on performance of cover system is more important than that in drainage layer and protective layer. Surface flux and concentration of benzene tends to be zero when CCL is amended with 0.5% biochar due to increase of retardation factor. The effect of degradation rate on benzene concentration increases with increase of degree of water saturation. The influence of half-life of VOCs in soil layer t 1/2 on vapour-phase VOCs concentration can be neglected when S r ≤0.3.Keywords: vapour-phase volatile organic compound, diffusion, landfill layered cover, degree of water saturation, analytical model. IntroductionAnaerobic decomposition of organic matter in refuse produces landfill gas (LFG), commonly consisting of methane (~50-60% by vol.), carbon dioxide (~40% by vol.) and more than 100 types of non-methane VOCs (USEPA, 1991;Tassi et al. 2009). LFG emanation of VOCs is estimated to constitute 10% of the VOCs emissions occurring in the entire US (Kim et al. 2008). Under the regulations of New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), all landfill facilities with an annual emission rate above 50 Mg nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) are forced to flare or to utilize LFG (Kim et al. 2008). Moreover, the impact of VOCs on the environment and potentially on human health may be more significant than that of the bulk gases (e.g., CH 4 and CO 2 ) (Chiriac et al. 2007). For example, significant levels of a range of chlorofluorocarbons could potentially contribute to both stratospheric ozone depletion and greenhouse effect (IPCC 1990). Alkylbenzenes, limonene, certain esters and organosulfur are responsible for the undesirable odor.Prolonged exposure to the landfill gas consisting of benzene and chlorinated hydrocarbons can cause severe health problems on human being, especially on landfill operators (Zou et al. 2003). The most common vapour-phase VOCs found in LFG are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (m, p, o-xylene) (BTEX) (Zou et al. 2003;Kim et al. 2008; Durmusoglu et al. 2010). et al. 2002;Allen et al. 1997; Durmusoglu et al. 2010), respectively, which are much larger than those specified in the standard.There are two main contaminant transport mechanisms regarding v...

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“…Public outcry over incessant odor pollution from various sources (industrial, municipal, and agricultural) has increased over the past decades (Kim et al, 2008;Dincer and Muezzinoglu, 2006;Rappert and Müller, 2005;Mukhtar et al, 2004;Gostelow et al, 2001). Scientific research has identified several aspects of agricultural practice as major sources of pungent pollutants that contaminate our atmosphere, including feeding and rearing livestock, as well as composting their waste (Akdeniz et al, 2012;Hottenstein and Ana, 2008;Smet et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Test of Relative Removal Properties of Various Offensive Odors by Zeolite

Adelodun¹,

Vellingiri²,

Jeon³

et al. 2017

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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The adsorptive removal properties of synthetic A4 zeolite were investigated against a total of 16 offensive odors consisting of reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs), nitrogenous compounds (NCs), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and phenols/indoles (PnI). Removal of these odors was measured using a laboratory-scale impinger-based adsorption setup containing 25 g of the zeolite bed (flow rate of 100 mL min -1). The high est and lowest breakthrough (%) values were shown for PnIs and RSCs, respectively, and the maximum and minimum adsorption capacity (μg g -1

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Major aromatic VOC in the ambient air in the proximity of an urban landfill facility

Cited by 57 publications

References 17 publications

The Influence of Btex Landfill Gas Emissions: A Case Study of Residents in Roodepoort, Gauteng, South Africa

The Influence of Btex Landfill Gas Emissions: A Case Study of Residents in Roodepoort, Gauteng, South Africa

Steady-state analytical model for vapour-phase volatile organic compound (VOC) diffusion in layered landfill composite cover systems

A Test of Relative Removal Properties of Various Offensive Odors by Zeolite

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