Maize Urb2 protein is required for kernel development and vegetative growth by affecting pre‐ribosomal <scp>RNA</scp> processing

Wang, Hongqiu; Wang, Kai; Du, Qingguo; Fu, Zhiyuan; Guo, Zhanyong; Kang, Dingming; Li, Wenxue; Tang, Jihua

doi:10.1111/nph.15057

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mature kernels were prepared according to Lending & Larkins (1992), and observed under a scanning electron microscope (S3400N; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). For transmission electron microscopy (TEM), 21 d after pollination (DAP) kernels were prepared according to Wang et al ., (2018), and observed under a transmission electron microscope (H7600; Hitachi).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small kernel 501 (smk501) encodes the RUBylation activating enzyme E1 subunit ECR1 (E1 C‐TERMINAL RELATED 1) and is essential for multiple aspects of cellular events during kernel development in maize

et al. 2021

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Summary RUBylation plays essential roles in plant growth and development through regulating Cullin‐RING ubiquitin E3 ligase (CRL) activities and the CRL‐mediated protein degradations. However, the function of RUBylation in regulating kernel development remains unclear. Through genetic and molecular analyses of a small kernel 501 (smk501) mutant in maize (Zea mays), we cloned the smk501 gene, revealed its molecular function, and defined its roles in RUBylation pathway and seed development. Smk501 encodes a RUBylation activating enzyme E1 subunit ZmECR1 (E1 C‐TERMINAL RELATED 1) protein. Destruction in RUBylation by smk501 mutation resulted in less embryo and endosperm cell number and smaller kernel size. The transcriptome and proteome profiling, hormone evaluation and cell proliferation observation revealed that disturbing ZmECR1 expression mainly affects pathways on hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression and starch accumulation during kernel development. In addition, mutant in zmaxr1 (Auxin resistant 1), another RUB E1 subunit, also showed similar defects in kernel development. Double mutation of zmecr1 and zmaxr1 lead to empty pericarp kernel phenotype. RUBylation is a novel regulatory pathway affecting maize kernel development, majorly through its functions in modifying multiple cellular progresses.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small kernel 501 (smk501) encodes the RUBylation activating enzyme E1 subunit ECR1 (E1 C‐TERMINAL RELATED 1) and is essential for multiple aspects of cellular events during kernel development in maize

et al. 2021

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“…The ZmDRH1 protein localizes to the nucleolus and interacts with the RNA binding protein MA6 and FIBRILLARIN (Gendra et al, 2004). The others, UNHEALTHY RIBOSOME BIOGENESIS2 (ZmURB2) and RIBOSOME EXPORT ASSOCIATED1(ZmREAS1) are required for kernel development and are involved in pre-rRNA processing and ribosome assembly (Qi et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Rbfs In Cultivated Plant Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ribosome Biogenesis in Plants: From Functional 45S Ribosomal DNA Organization to Ribosome Assembly Factors

2019

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The transcription of 18S, 5.8S, and 18S rRNA genes (45S rDNA), cotranscriptional processing of pre-rRNA, and assembly of mature rRNA with ribosomal proteins are the linchpins of ribosome biogenesis. In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and animal cells, hundreds of pre-rRNA processing factors have been identified and their involvement in ribosome assembly determined. These studies, together with structural analyses, have yielded comprehensive models of the pre-40S and pre-60S ribosome subunits as well as the largest cotranscriptionally assembled preribosome particle: the 90S/small subunit processome. Here, we present the current knowledge of the functional organization of 45S rDNA, pre-rRNA transcription, rRNA processing activities, and ribosome assembly factors in plants, focusing on data from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Based on yeast and mammalian cell studies, we describe the ribonucleoprotein complexes and RNA-associated activities and discuss how they might specifically affect the production of 40S and 60S subunits. Finally, we review recent findings concerning pre-rRNA processing pathways and a novel mechanism involved in a ribosome stress response in plants

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“…Several important intracellular biological processes, such as post-transcriptional regulation, also play important roles in maize kernel development. These processes have been uncovered by studying mutants rbm48 (Bai et al, 2019), ubl1 (Li et al, 2017b), and urb2 (Wang et al, 2018). These findings have enriched our knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms behind maize kernel development.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Loss of Function of an RNA Polymerase III Subunit Leads to Impaired Maize Kernel Development

et al. 2020

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Kernel size is an important factor determining grain yield. Although a number of genes affecting kernel development in maize (Zea mays) have been identified by analyzing kernel mutants, most of the corresponding mutants cannot be used in maize breeding programs due to low germination or incomplete seed development. Here, we characterized small kernel7, a recessive small-kernel mutant with a mutation in the gene encoding the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase III (RNAPΙΙΙ; NRPC2). A frame shift in ZmNRPC2 leads to a premature stop codon, resulting in significantly reduced levels of transfer RNAs and 5S ribosomal RNA, which are transcribed by RNAPΙΙΙ. Loss-of-function nrpc2 mutants created by CRISPR/CAS9 showed significantly reduced kernel size due to altered endosperm cell size and number. ZmNRPC2 affects RNAPIII activity and the expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and endoreduplication to control kernel development via physically interacting with RNAPIII subunits RPC53 and AC40, transcription factor class C1 and Floury3. Notably, unlike the semidominant negative mutant floury3, which has defects in starchy endosperm, small kernel7 only affects kernel size but not the composition of kernel storage proteins. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular network underlying maize kernel size, which could facilitate the genetic improvement of maize in the future.

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Maize Urb2 protein is required for kernel development and vegetative growth by affecting pre‐ribosomal RNA processing

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Small kernel 501 (smk501) encodes the RUBylation activating enzyme E1 subunit ECR1 (E1 C‐TERMINAL RELATED 1) and is essential for multiple aspects of cellular events during kernel development in maize

Small kernel 501 (smk501) encodes the RUBylation activating enzyme E1 subunit ECR1 (E1 C‐TERMINAL RELATED 1) and is essential for multiple aspects of cellular events during kernel development in maize

Ribosome Biogenesis in Plants: From Functional 45S Ribosomal DNA Organization to Ribosome Assembly Factors

Loss of Function of an RNA Polymerase III Subunit Leads to Impaired Maize Kernel Development

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