Maize, sweet sorghum, and high biomass sorghum ethanol yield comparison on marginal soils in Midwest USA

Maw, Michael J.W.; Houx, James H.; Fritschi, Felix B.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.09.021

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The NRE of maize, as well as grain yield and biomass production, has increased over time with newer hybrids, suggesting that with greater yields and higher N rates, high NRE in sweet sorghum may be achieved through further genetic selection. Sweet sorghum yield can be greatly affected by weather and climate, as shown here and in Maw et al (2016) and (2017a). The weather in 2009 apparently negatively impacted N content, as indicated by the very low NRE, and ultimately resulted in low biomass yield.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Sorghum can be grown across most latitudes of the United States and is already known for its high water use efficiency and drought tolerance (Geng et al, 1989; Propheter et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2014), high radiation use efficiency (Houx and Fritschi, 2015), and flood tolerance (Houx et al, 2013; Promkhambut et al, 2011). It is a high‐yielding C 4 annual grass that can produce large amounts of stem juice sugars and lignocellulosic biomass when grown in the Midwest (Holou and Stevens, 2011; Houx and Fritschi, 2013; Maw et al, 2016, 2017a). Sweet sorghum has been shown to efficiently use soil mineral N as well as fertilizer N, and to translocate N within the plant (Wang et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen Content and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Grown in the Lower Midwest

2019

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Optimizing N fertilizer inputs is imperative for improving sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] yields and biofuel feedstock system efficiency. A 2‐yr study was conducted to determine the physiological N‐use efficiency (NUE) response in sweet sorghum's ethanol yield of stem juice, bagasse, and total ethanol yield (TEY). Two sweet sorghum cultivars (‘Dale’ and ‘Top 76–6’) were fertilized at five N fertilizer rates (0, 56, 112, 168, and 224 kg ha−1). At harvest, the stem juice and bagasse yields were measured then analyzed for the corresponding N concentrations and N contents. Whole‐plant N recovery efficiency ranged from −1.5 to 57.6% across both years, with a significant N rate effect only in one study year. The NUE of juice ethanol yield only demonstrated an N response in the second year, whereas the NUE of lignocellulosic ethanol yield was greatest at the 56 kg ha−1 fertilizer rate each year. The NUE of total theoretical ethanol yield, determined as the sum of juice and bagasse conversion to ethanol, averaged 169 L EtOH kg−1 N across both years and was greatest at the 56 kg N ha−1 fertilizer rate in both years, and decreased at N rates exceeding 56 kg ha−1 in only one of the years. This study revealed that although sweet sorghum ethanol yields increased with N fertilizer application, NUE was greatest with low N fertilizer rates, consistent with previous research indicating that sweet sorghum is an appropriate biofuel feedstock for production in low‐input systems or on marginal lands. Core Ideas Nitrogen recovery and use efficiencies of sweet sorghum juice and bagasse were measured for two years in Missouri. Nitrogen recovery efficiency was greatest in one study year when 224 kg N ha−1 was applied, with no differences in recovery in the second year. The N use efficiency of estimated total ethanol yield was greatest at 56 kg N ha−1.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 57%

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Content and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Grown in the Lower Midwest

2019

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“…By mid‐August, maize had transitioned into the senescence stage while both miscanthus and energy sorghum maintained high rates of GPP and ET through September (Figures 2c and 4b). The addition of lower peak growing season ET from energy sorghum compared to maize, despite the higher soil moisture in the energy sorghum plot that should promote higher ET, reflects the WUE and subsequent drought tolerance of energy sorghum (Mullet et al, 2014), which lends it to potential expansion across a wider climatic growing region than maize (Gelfand et al, 2013; Maw et al, 2017). While some studies have shown little difference in ET and WUE between maize and a hybrid energy sorghum–sudangrass variety (Roby et al, 2017), others have indicated energy sorghum's water demand is offset by its high productivity and thus WUE (Oikawa et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem‐scale biogeochemical fluxes from three bioenergy crop candidates: How energy sorghum compares to maize and miscanthus

et al. 2020

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Perennial crops have been the focus of bioenergy research and development for their sustainability benefits associated with high soil carbon (C) and reduced nitrogen (N) requirements. However, perennial crops mature over several years and their sustainability benefits can be negated through land reversion. A photoperiod‐sensitive energy sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) may provide an annual crop alternative more ecologically sustainable than maize (Zea mays) that can more easily integrate into crop rotations than perennials, such as miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus). This study presents an ecosystem‐scale comparison of C, N, water and energy fluxes from energy sorghum, maize and miscanthus during a typical growing season in the Midwest United States. Gross primary productivity (GPP) was highest for maize during the peak growing season at 21.83 g C m−2 day−1, followed by energy sorghum (17.04 g C m−2 day−1) and miscanthus (15.57 g C m−2 day−1). Maize also had the highest peak growing season evapotranspiration at 5.39 mm day−1, with energy sorghum and miscanthus at 3.81 and 3.61 mm day−1, respectively. Energy sorghum was the most efficient water user (WUE), while maize and miscanthus were comparatively similar (3.04, 1.75 and 1.89 g C mm−1 H2O, respectively). Maize albedo was lower than energy sorghum and miscanthus (0.19, 0.26 and 0.24, respectively), but energy sorghum had a Bowen ratio closer to maize than miscanthus (0.12, 0.13 and 0.21, respectively). Nitrous oxide (N2O) flux was higher from maize and energy sorghum (8.86 and 12.04 kg N ha−1, respectively) compared with miscanthus (0.51 kg N ha−1), indicative of their different agronomic management. These results are an important first look at how energy sorghum compares to maize and miscanthus grown in the Midwest United States. This quantitative assessment is a critical component for calibrating biogeochemical and ecological models used to forecast bioenergy crop growth, productivity and sustainability.

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“…In recent years, a great interest in new species of energy crops has been observed all over Europe (An et al, 2018;Drazic et al, 2017;Haines et al, 2015;Jureková et al, 2015;Kalembasa and Symanowicz, 2003;Maw et al, 2017;Tumminello et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ha -1 also showed the possibilities of cultivating fodder galega as an energy crop. Therefore, the introduction of an additional plant, apart from Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Miscanthus x giganteus (Jeżowski et al, 2011;Maksimović et al, 2016); Sweet Sorghum, Maize, HBS (Maw et al, 2017); Sorghum hybrids (Pannacii and Bartolini, 2016); Salix spp., (Stolarski, 2008) and Sida hermaphrodita (Krzyżaniak et al, 2015) is recommended and related to the possibility of increasing biomass production, with a view to binding atmospheric N2. An additional benefit is the possibility of using ash from biomass combustion as a liming agent in agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibilities of Using Fodder Galega in the Energy Sector and Agriculture

Symanowicz¹,

Becher²,

Kalembasa³

et al. 2019

Appl. Ecol. Env. Res.

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This paper presents changes in basic energy parameters of fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) cultivated for five years as a potential energy crop under the effect of mineral fertilization. Additionally, the chemical composition of ash obtained after burning the fodder galega biomass was examined for its possible use as a liming agent. The field experiment was conducted between 2005 and 2009 in the experimental plots of the Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department at the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland (52 o 17´N and 22 o 28´E). Five levels of fertilization were included in the study: without fertilization, NP, NK, PK, NPKCa (0control, N-20, P-50, K-150, Ca-150 kg . ha -1 ). Significantly highest values of heat of combustion (18.95 MJ . kg -1 ) and calorific value were found for galega fertilized with nitrogen (20 kg . ha -1 ) and potassium (150 kg . ha -1 ). The highest dry matter yields and the highest yield energy value, as well as the most amount of ash obtained from biomass combusting were found for galega harvested from objects fertilized with NPKCa (20; 50; 150; 150 kg . ha -1

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Maize, sweet sorghum, and high biomass sorghum ethanol yield comparison on marginal soils in Midwest USA

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Nitrogen Content and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Grown in the Lower Midwest

Nitrogen Content and Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum Grown in the Lower Midwest

Ecosystem‐scale biogeochemical fluxes from three bioenergy crop candidates: How energy sorghum compares to maize and miscanthus

Possibilities of Using Fodder Galega in the Energy Sector and Agriculture

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