Maize seed and stem roots differ in response to neighbouring weeds

Afifi, Maha; Swanton, Clarence J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00865.x

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Other researchers have also demonstrated that corn plants are very responsive to light quality (Afifi & Swanton, 2011;Green-Tracewicz et al, 2012). We speculate that blinding the crop to initialism would be advantageous to the crop because it probably would avoid hierarchical differences among the plants and it would provide equal partition of environmental resources.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Initialism as a mechanism of weed interference: can a crop plant be blinded?

et al. 2012

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-Initialism is a new word proposed to indicate the "shade-avoidance syndrome". Plants detect the presence of neighbor plants very early in the growing season through changes in light quality. They modify the allocation of photosynthesis products privileging shoot growth over the roots. One of the hypotheses of the authors is that, when weed management is timely scheduled, a "blind" crop could be more productive because it would avoid an imbalance on the shoot:root ratio (S:R). Two strategies were developed to test this hypothesis: a) to use the classical Yoda's Law to screen several crops for insensitivity to S:R imbalance; b) to evaluate several growth regulators to control the plant responses to crowding. Experimental results confirm that both strategies can yield insensitive plants. The possibilities of the use of this knowledge are discussed.Keywords: initialism, shade-avoidance syndrome, genetic, growth regulator. RESUMO -Inicialismo é uma palavra nova proposta para indicar a "síndrome de escape ao sombreamento". Plantas detectam a presença de outras plantas vizinhas muito cedo no seu ciclo de crescimento por meio das mudanças na qualidade da luz. Elas modificam a alocação de produtos da fotossíntese, privilegiando o crescimento de ramos sobre as raízes. Uma das hipóteses dos autores

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Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Initialism as a mechanism of weed interference: can a crop plant be blinded?

et al. 2012

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“…According to Meschede et al (2004), the accumulated dry matter proves to be more important than the weeds density in relation to the degree of interference imposed on soybeans, and displays an inverse correlation to the yield components of this culture. This is because, as weeds increase their density and develop, especially those which germinate and emerge at the beginning of the cycle, they are more vigorous and thus become dominant, while the smaller ones are suppressed or die, a fact justified by the reduction in plants density with increased dry matter (Afifi & Swanton, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference Periods Among Weeds and Soybean Rr Tm Crops in the Western Center Area of the Brazilian State of Paraná

et al. 2015

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-One of the factors that can influence soybeans yield is the interference imposed by weeds. This research has aimed to determine the critical period of weed interference on cv. INT 6100 RR TM soybeans. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Campo Mourão County, Parana State, in the 2013/2014 harvest, using randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 x 8 factorial, with four replications. In the first factor, the coexistence (period before weed interference) and control (total period of weed interference prevention) periods were assessed. The second factor consisted of management times of weed species (0, 7, 14, 28, 35, 49, 56 and 130 days after emergence -DAE). The evaluations performed were density and shoot dry matter of the weed community, height, number of pods, thousand grain weight and soybean yield. Among the weed species in soybean crops, there was predominance of eudicotyledonous ones (82%). The yield results allowed establishing, for cv. INT 6100 RR TM soybeans at Campo Mourão County, Parana State, a critical period for preventing interference between 24-38 DAE.Keywords: coexistence, weed control, competition, Glycine max. daninhas: 0, 7, 14, 28, 35, 49, 56 e 130 (ciclo todo) RESUMO -Um dos fatores que podem influenciar a produtividade da cultura da soja é a interferência imposta pelas plantas daninhas. A pesquisa teve como objetivo determinar o período crítico de prevenção à interferência das plantas daninhas

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“…Orienting crop rows in a nearly perpendicular angle to incident sunlight maximises light interception by crops (Mutsaers, 1980) and with less light penetrating the interspaces, less light is available to weeds. Interception of reduced red to far-red light ratio (R/FR) induces a series of physiological and developmental adjustments including reduction in stem diameter, suppression of branching, and changes in biomass partitioning (Afifi and Swanton, 2011;Ballare et al, 1987Ballare et al, , 1990Smith, 1982). Maximising light interception by row orientation is dependent on latitude and seasonal tilt of the earth in relation to the sun (Mutsaers, 1980).…”

Section: Crop Row Orientation As a Weed Management Tacticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through weed-crop competition: A review

Manalil

Coast

Werth³

et al. 2017

Crop Protection

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a b s t r a c tThe agriculture sector is embracing energy efficient conservation systems and technological innovations to meet the ever increasing demand for food, fibre, and fuel in tune with the rapidly increasing human population. The genetic modification of plants is one of the technological innovations that is adopted rapidly across the world. In cotton, many major producing countries have adopted herbicide-tolerant genetically modified crops. Over-reliance on herbicides for weed management in both genetically modified and conventional systems has led to the rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Poor weed management can cause up to 90% yield loss in cotton. Undoubtedly, integration of non-chemical methods and diversifying weed control options would ensure the sustainability of available weed management options, including herbicides. Increasing crop competitiveness is one of the approaches that could be integrated with the current weed management systems. Choosing cultivars with early vigour, use of narrow row planting, orienting crop rows with regard to sunlight, and adjusting planting density are some of the approaches that could enhance the competitiveness of crops over weeds. Review of the available literature on cotton indicates weed suppressive benefits by enhancing crop competitiveness through increasing planting density and narrow row spacing. Early canopy closure in narrow row spaced systems would suppress many problem weeds. In addition, herbicide efficacy may be increased due to competition offered by a dense crop stand, which may reduce herbicide selection pressure on weeds. However, the use of narrow row spacing is still in an infant stage in many cottongrowing countries and the success may depend on the environment, soil type, and resource availability. This review analyses and reports the potential benefits of increasing crop competition as a weed management option and also highlights research to be undertaken to ensure the adoption of different strategies on a much wider scale.

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Maize seed and stem roots differ in response to neighbouring weeds

Cited by 33 publications

References 37 publications

Initialism as a mechanism of weed interference: can a crop plant be blinded?

Initialism as a mechanism of weed interference: can a crop plant be blinded?

Interference Periods Among Weeds and Soybean Rr Tm Crops in the Western Center Area of the Brazilian State of Paraná

Weed management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through weed-crop competition: A review

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