Maize resistance to northern corn leaf blight is potentiated by nickel

Abstract

Many diseases greatly impact maize production worldwide, and northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), caused by the fungus Exserohilum turcicum (syn. Setosphaeria turcica) (Leonard & Suggs, 1974) stands out as one of the most important (Munkvold & White, 2016). The symptoms of NCLB are long elliptical, greyish-green or tan lesions, mainly in older leaves of maize plants (Kotze et al., 2019). The necrotic and larger NCLB lesions negatively affect leaf gas exchange (net assimilation rate, stomatal conductance to water vapour, transpiration rate, and internal CO 2 concentration) and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence (maximum quantum yield of photosystem [PS] II, and effective quantum yield of PS II) parameters (Silveira et al., 2019).Moreover, higher electrolyte leakage and greater concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde occur at the necrotrophic phase of E. turcicum infection in maize leaves (Silveira et al., 2019).Cultural practices such as crop rotation, use of resistant genotypes, and application of foliar fungicides have been used by growers to reduce the impact of NCLB on maize yield (Nelson et al., 2018).Sustainable methods that can be integrated with cultural strategies are needed to ensure cost-effective NCLB control and less environmental impact. Mineral nutrition stands out as an effective strategy

Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Sediments Affected by Typical Gold Mining Areas in Southwest China: Accumulation, Sources and Ecological Risks

“…Considering that the local villages are evenly distributed (i.e., the of human activities, Figure 1), these all indicate that they may be more affected b continuous input of other man-made sources than the gold mining sources, such a mestic sewage. In addition, according to the survey, the local cultivation and anima bandry are well developed, and some studies show that organic and compound ferti contain specific concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni and Cu, especially Cu, which can stim plant growth and improve crop yield [50][51][52][53]; thus, agricultural activities may also po it. In conclusion, factor 1 is another source mainly based on other human activities cause they are not closely related to gold mining, they will not be explained in det In factor 3, the As, Sb, Zn and Cd had the highest contribution rate (both greater than 40.6%).…”