Maize Plant Architecture Is Regulated by the Ethylene Biosynthetic Gene <i>ZmACS7</i>

Li, Hongchao; Wang, Lijing; Liu, Meishan; Dong, Zhaobin; Li, Qifang; Fei, Shulang; Xiang, Hongtu; Liu, Baoshen; Jin, Weiwei

doi:10.1104/pp.19.01421

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Recently, the molecular basis of Semidwarf3, a naturally occurring maize mutant, was shown to have elevated levels of ethylene due to a mutation creating an increase in stability of an ACC synthase gene. The shorter stature results from a decrease in cell elongation in the internode and concomitantly a promotion of cell elongation in the leaf auricle resulting in increased leaf angle [47]. An ACC deaminase transgenic line of canola which produces less ethylene than the plants from a wild type line, had smaller siliques with smaller and reduced number of seeds and also reduced levels of AUX and GA hormones [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of an ethylene-forming ACC oxidase (ACO) gene precedes the Minute Hilum seed coat phenotype in Glycine max

2020

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Background To elucidate features of seed development, we investigated the transcriptome of a soybean isoline from the germplasm collection that contained an introgressed allele known as minute hilum (mi) which confers a smaller hilum region where the seed attaches to the pod and also results in seed coat cracking surrounding the hilum region. Results RNAs were extracted from immature seed from an extended hilum region (i.e., the hilum and a small ring of tissue surrounding the hilum in which the cracks form) at three different developmental stages:10–25, 25–50 and 50–100 mg seed fresh weight in two independent replicates for each stage. The transcriptomes of these samples from both the Clark isoline containing the mi allele (PI 547628, UC413, iiR t mi G), and its recurrent Clark 63 parent isoline (PI 548532, UC7, iiR T Mi g), which was used for six generations of backcrossing, were compared for differential expression of 88,648 Glyma models of the soybean genome Wm82.a2. The RNA sequence data obtained from the 12 cDNA libraries were subjected to padj value < 0.05 and at least two-fold expression differences to select with confidence genes differentially expressed in the hilum-containing tissue of the seed coat between the two lines. Glyma.09G008400 annotated as encoding an ethylene forming enzyme, ACC oxidase (ACO), was found to be highly overexpressed in the mi hilum region at 165 RPKMs (reads per kilobase per million mapped reads) compared to the standard line at just 0.03 RPKMs. Evidence of changes in expression of genes downstream of the ethylene pathway included those involved in auxin and gibberellin hormone action and extensive differences in expression of cell wall protein genes. These changes are postulated to determine the restricted hilum size and cracking phenotypes. Conclusions We present transcriptome and phenotypic evidence that substantially higher expression of an ethylene-forming ACO gene likely shifts hormone balance and sets in motion downstream changes resulting in a smaller hilum phenotype and the cracks observed in the minute hilum (mi) isoline as compared to its recurrent parent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of an ethylene-forming ACC oxidase (ACO) gene precedes the Minute Hilum seed coat phenotype in Glycine max

2020

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“…Arabidopsis plants overproducing ethylene or exposed to ethylene treatment generally show reduced growth (Burg and Burg, 1968; Vogel et al, 1998). In the maize sdw3 mutant, a mutation in ZmACS7 increases the protein's stability without affecting its catalytic activity, leading to elevated ACC and ethylene contents, reduced plant height and increased leaf angle (Li et al, 2020). Loss‐of‐function mutants of the negative regulators of ethylene signaling, including ethylene receptors and CTR1, showed reduced plant growth (Qu et al, 2007).…”

Section: Agricultural Significance Of Ethylenementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene signaling in rice and Arabidopsis: New regulators and mechanisms

Yin

et al. 2021

JIPB

111

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Ethylene is a gaseous hormone which plays important roles in both plant growth and development and stress responses. Based on studies in the dicot model plant species Arabidopsis, a linear ethylene signaling pathway has been established, according to which ethylene is perceived by ethylene receptors and transduced through CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1 (CTR1) and ETHYLENE‐INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) to activate transcriptional reprogramming. In addition to this canonical signaling pathway, an alternative ethylene receptor‐mediated phosphor‐relay pathway has also been proposed to participate in ethylene signaling. In contrast to Arabidopsis, rice, a monocot, grows in semiaquatic environments and has a distinct plant structure. Several novel regulators and/or mechanisms of the rice ethylene signaling pathway have recently been identified, indicating that the ethylene signaling pathway in rice has its own unique features. In this review, we summarize the latest progress and compare the conserved and divergent aspects of the ethylene signaling pathway between Arabidopsis and rice. The crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones is also reviewed. Finally, we discuss how ethylene regulates plant growth, stress responses and agronomic traits. These analyses should help expand our knowledge of the ethylene signaling mechanism and could further be applied for agricultural purposes.

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“…An early report demonstrated the interaction of ethylene and BR to regulate leaf inclination of rice, but the underlying mechanism remaining to be elusive [18]. Currently, a study has validated that altering the C terminus of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase 7 (ZmACS7) responsible for ethylene biosynthesis in maize led to the stability of this protein and the accumulation of ACC and ethylene contents, as well as the up-regulation of ethylene responsive genes, which finally reduced plant height and increased leaf angle [76]. Similar to ZmACS7, overexpression of its closest paralog ZmACS2 also resulted in flatter leaves [76], further suggesting that ethylene positively regulates LA.…”

Section: Other Phytohormones Involved In Regulation Of Lamina Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, a study has validated that altering the C terminus of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase 7 (ZmACS7) responsible for ethylene biosynthesis in maize led to the stability of this protein and the accumulation of ACC and ethylene contents, as well as the up-regulation of ethylene responsive genes, which finally reduced plant height and increased leaf angle [76]. Similar to ZmACS7, overexpression of its closest paralog ZmACS2 also resulted in flatter leaves [76], further suggesting that ethylene positively regulates LA. Phytohormones such as ethylene, strigolactones (SLs), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) were also involved in regulating leaf inclination of rice (Figure 3).…”

Section: Other Phytohormones Involved In Regulation Of Lamina Jointmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Interaction of Phytohormones in Determining Leaf Angle in Crops

Lü

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Leaf angle (LA), defined as the angle between the plant stem and leaf adaxial side of the blade, generally shapes the plant architecture into a loosen or dense structure, and thus influences the light interception and competition between neighboring plants in natural settings, ultimately contributing to the crop yield and productivity. It has been elucidated that brassinosteroid (BR) plays a dominant role in determining LA, and other phytohormones also positively or negatively participate in regulating LA. Accumulating evidences have revealed that these phytohormones interact with each other in modulating various biological processes. However, the comprehensive discussion of how the phytohormones and their interaction involved in shaping LA is relatively lack. Here, we intend to summarize the advances in the LA regulation mediated by the phytohormones and their crosstalk in different plant species, mainly in rice and maize, hopefully providing further insights into the genetic manipulation of LA trait in crop breeding and improvement in regarding to overcoming the challenge from the continuous demands for food under limited arable land area.

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Maize Plant Architecture Is Regulated by the Ethylene Biosynthetic Gene ZmACS7

Cited by 50 publications

References 93 publications

Overexpression of an ethylene-forming ACC oxidase (ACO) gene precedes the Minute Hilum seed coat phenotype in Glycine max

Overexpression of an ethylene-forming ACC oxidase (ACO) gene precedes the Minute Hilum seed coat phenotype in Glycine max

Ethylene signaling in rice and Arabidopsis: New regulators and mechanisms

Synergistic Interaction of Phytohormones in Determining Leaf Angle in Crops

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