Maize Lethal Necrosis disease: review of molecular and genetic resistance mechanisms, socio-economic impacts, and mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa

Biswal, Akshaya Kumar; Alakonya, Amos; Mottaleb, Khondokar Abdul; Hearne, Sarah; Sonder, Kai; Molnar, Terence; Jones, Alan M.; Pixley, K.V.; Prasanna, B. M.

doi:10.1186/s12870-022-03932-y

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…In recent years, food security has become a major problem plaguing many countries as the population continues to grow and the arable land area decreases (Biswal AK et al, 2022). Maize is geographically more widely distributed around the world than any other food crop species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZmLLG1 gene affects the development of the maize root system

Sun

Yang

Shan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Nutrient uptake by plant roots seriously affects the growth and yield of maize. AUX/IAA encoding genes play an important role in auxin signal transduction and regulating the growth of plant roots.In this study, AUX/IAA gene ZmLLG1 was cloned from maize. The expression level of the ZmLLG1 gene in different tissues was detected by qRT-PCR, and ZmLLG1 was found to be overexpressed in the roots of maize. Arabidopsis thaliana and mutant maize were both analyzed by statistical method. A yeast two-hybrid experiment, BiFC experiment and pull-down experiment were used to verify the interactions between the protein and ZmLLG1.The CoDing Sequence (CDS) of ZmLLG1 is 684 bp and encodes a protein composed of 227 amino acids. A subcellular localization analysis confirmed that ZmLLG1 was localized in the nucleus. The ZmLLG1 gene was expressed in all tissues of maize, but its expression level was highest in the root. The root length and number of lateral roots of zmllg1 mutant maize were much lower than those of wild-type B73 maize, and ZmLLG1 was responsive to auxin. The yeast two-hybrid assay, BiFC experiment and pull-down assay showed that ZmLLG1 could interact with ZmARF5, ZmARF7, and ZmARF25 to regulate the growth and development of the maize root system. Keywords AUX/IAA, Root, ARF, Maize mutant, Protein

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maize is the world's largest food crop (Biswal AK et al, 2022). Maize is among the largest of all crops, worldwide, both in area sown and in total output value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZmLLG1 gene affects the development of the maize root system

Sun

Yang

Shan

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cereal production in Africa: the threat of current plant pathogens in changing climate-a review

Benjamin,

Oyedokun,

Oziegbe

et al. 2024

Discov Agric

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In Sub-Saharan Africa, cereals are threatened by stress-inducing microbial pathogens and parasites such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes leading to significant losses. Mycotoxin-producing fungi like Fusarium graminearum induce head blight disease causing 30–70% of yield losses in wheat. In comparison, Fusarium verticillioides accounts for ear rot diseases that account for 13–70% of maize yield losses in Sub-Saharan Africa. Outbreaks of the devastating rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae have caused up to 48% yield losses of rice in Kenya. The grey leaf spot fungus, C. zeina, gradually becomes a threat to maize production, causing a 65% yield loss in South Africa. Maize smut and ergot-causing pathogens, Sporisorium ehrenbergii and Claviceps africana, under mildly humid and cold climatic conditions, impact grain quality and market value. The maize streak virus predominantly ravages maize fields all over Sub-Saharan Africa causing 30–100% yield losses while the diseases caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has led to 10 to 50% yield losses in rice production. In Nigeria, nematode pathogens like Pratylenchus spp have been reported to cause yield losses of up to 27% in maize production. This review fundamentally discusses these cereal pathogens and their current and future impact in the face of climate change in Africa. We seriously emphasize the need for more simulation studies on each of these pathogens across Sub-Saharan Africa and their potential impact under current and future climate change scenarios.

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