Maize Kernel Development in Vitro: Sucrose Concentration, Xenia, and Maternal Effects

Seka, D.; Cross, H. Z.; McClean, Phillip E.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183x003500010013x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The xenia effect in the traits related to endosperm and embryo was reported elsewhere (Davarynijad et al 1994, Seka et al 1995a, Bulant et al 2000. M Balestre et al The results of xenia can be interpreted as an early manifestation of heterosis, which increases the ability of the endosperm, genetically modified by cross pollination, to accumulate photoassimilates, thus determining the final kernel weight.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Effect of self-pollination monitored by microsatellite markers on maize kernel weight

Balestre¹,

Souza²,

Santos³

et al. 2007

CBAB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of self-pollination monitored by microsatellite Effect of self-pollination monitored by microsatellite Effect of self-pollination monitored by microsatellite Effect of self-pollination monitored by microsatellite Effect of self-pollination monitored by microsatellite markers on maize kernel weight markers on maize kernel weight markers on maize kernel weight markers on maize kernel weight markers on maize kernel weight ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization by autopollen on maize kernel weight. Five single cross hybrids (30F90. A2555, DKB333B, 2223, and 2324) were planted and hybrid leaf samples taken for DNA extraction. The crosses 2223XDKB333B; 2223XA2555; 2324XDKB333B and 2324XP30F90 were performed. Ten kernels of each ear of each cross were separated, sown in a greenhouse and the DNA of the respective seedlings was extracted, to identify the kernel origin. The results obtained here demonstrated that allopollen increased the mean kernel weight by 16.5mg (gain of 4.65%). The proportion of sampled allopollen to self pollen was statistically equal, according to the c 2 test, demonstrating that there were no significant differences between the proportion of fertilized and sampled allopollen and autopollen in the ear. It was concluded that compared to autopollen, allopollen increases the mean weight of fertilized grain.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Effect of self-pollination monitored by microsatellite markers on maize kernel weight

Balestre¹,

Souza²,

Santos³

et al. 2007

CBAB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Contrary to this early senescence belief, the cob accumulates dry matter and develops for at least the first 18 DAS ( Fig. 1; Seka et al, 1995). At silking, the cob is soft, flexible, and not fully developed, and through the first 18 DAS continues its rapid expansion that initiated prior to silking ( Fig.…”

Section: Role Of Cob Anatomy In Assimilate Movementmentioning

confidence: 95%

Amino Acid Metabolism in Maize Earshoots. Implications for Assimilate Preconditioning and Nitrogen Signaling

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nitrogen (N) is an essential requirement for kernel growth in maize (Zea mays); however, little is known about how N assimilates are metabolized in young earshoots during seed development. The objective of this study was to assess amino acid metabolism in cob and spikelet tissues during the critical 2 weeks following silking. Two maize hybrids were grown in the field for 2 years at two levels of supplemental N fertilizer (0 and 168 kg N/ha). The effects of the reproductive sink on cob N metabolism were examined by comparing pollinated to unpollinated earshoots. Earshoots were sampled at 2, 8, 14, and 18 d after silking; dissected into cob, spikelet, and/or pedicel and kernel fractions; then analyzed for amino acid profiles and key enzyme activities associated with amino acid metabolism. Major amino acids in the cob were glutamine (Gln), aspartic acid (Asp), asparagine (Asn), glutamate, and alanine. Gln concentrations dropped dramatically from 2 to 14 d after silking in both pollinated and unpollinated cobs, whereas all other measured amino acids accumulated over time in unpollinated spikelets and cobs, especially Asn. N supply had a variable effect on individual amino acid levels in young cobs and spikelets, with Asn being the most notably enhanced. We found that the cob performs significant enzymatic interconversions among Gln, alanine, Asp, and Asn during early reproductive development, which may precondition the N assimilate supply for sustained kernel growth. The measured amino acid profiles and enzymatic activities suggest that the Asn to Gln ratio in cobs may be part of a signal transduction pathway involving aspartate aminotransferase, Gln synthetase, and Asn synthetase to indicate plant N status for kernel development.Though there are numerous studies concerning growth and development of maize (Zea mays) grain, there is a general lack of knowledge concerning the physiology of the cob tissues, to which kernels are attached. This is despite the fact that the cob tissues are the link between vegetative source and reproductive sink tissues. In addition, approximately one-half of the earshoot (minus husk and shank) is cob material at silking, with the cob proportion decreasing as the grain develops. Early studies on the physical characteristics of the earshoot and cob go back more than a century (Harshberger, 1893). More recent research has examined cob shape (Srinivas et al., 1991;Bhattacharya et al., 1996;Orr et al., 1997;Pearson, 2000) and the genetic control of cob color (Nguetta and Cross, 1997;Sidorenko et al., 1999). A few studies have also focused on sugars (BeMiller and Hoffmann, 1972), nitrogen (N;Crawford et al., 1982), minerals (Mozafar, 1990), and antioxidants (Cevallos and Cisneros, 2003) contained within maize earshoots.A typical view of maize cobs is that they serve as a temporary storage organ and as a conveyor of nutrients to the developing kernels (Crawford et al., 1982). A larger metabolic role of the cob in kernel growth, however, can be inferred from the observation that an attached cob ...

show abstract

“…It is known that the embryo and mainly the maize endosperm correspond to over 95% of the grain weight and present the phenomenon of xenia, that is, its expression is a direct result of fecundation. The manifestation of the xenia effect in the traits related to endosperm and embryo has been described in several studies (Davarynijad et al 1994, Seka et al 1995a, Bulant et al 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of allopolen in artificial crosses of white and yellow endosperm maize hybrids

Balestre¹,

Souza²,

Lüders³

et al. 2007

CBAB

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The search for novel technologies that would boost the yields of hybrid cultivars to yet new heights challenges breeders. One to date little exploited approach is the vigor of fecundation caused by allopollen. In this setting the heterosis in allopollen-induced weight gain was estimated as well as the grain preference for allopollen fecundation in relation to plantown pollen (selfpollen). The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) in the crop

show abstract

Maize Kernel Development in Vitro: Sucrose Concentration, Xenia, and Maternal Effects

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of self-pollination monitored by microsatellite markers on maize kernel weight

Effect of self-pollination monitored by microsatellite markers on maize kernel weight

Amino Acid Metabolism in Maize Earshoots. Implications for Assimilate Preconditioning and Nitrogen Signaling

Effect of allopolen in artificial crosses of white and yellow endosperm maize hybrids

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About