Maize Hybrids Response to Nitrogen, Potassium Fertilization and Its Relation to Some Fungal Diseases

Gomaa, A.; Rehab, Ibrahim Fathalla; Kandi, E.; Heflish, Ahmed A.; Hamady, B.

doi:10.21608/eajbsh.2019.47641

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Obviously, fertilization modifies physiology of the plant in a way that increases vigority and cell wall and membrane integrity, and reduces aging. Hence, optimal fertilizer application slows down disease infection and development, including NLB (Gomaa et al, 2019; Praveen Kumar et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of loss levels, NLB causes grain yield losses ranging from 40% when the disease establishes before silking (Raymundo, 1981), 50% when infection occurs at the grain-filling stage (Human et al, 2016) to 100% when infection begins at the seedling stage and continues to maturity stage (Hooda et al, 2017). (Gomaa et al, 2019;Praveen Kumar et al, 2017).…”

Section: Independent Variable Dfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A large‐scale survey reveals agro‐ecological factors influence spatio‐temporal distribution and epidemics of maize leaf blight: Implications for prioritizing sustainable management options

Terefe,

Mengesha,

Yitayih

et al. 2023

J of Sust Agri & Env

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IntroductionProductivity of maize (Zea mays L.) is predominantly constrained by diseases, weeds, and insect pests. The northern leaf blight (NLB) disease, caused by Exserohilum turcicum, inflicts significant maize yield losses in the tropics and humid tropics, including Ethiopia. A large‐scale field survey was conducted to assess the spatio‐temporal distribution of maize NLB in southern Ethiopia, and to determine the association of maize farming practices and agro‐ecological factors with NLB epidemics during 2016–2019.Materials and MethodsA total of 814 maize farms were assessed in 12 major maize‐producing districts. During the assessment, data related to the disease, crop, farming practices and agro‐ecological factors were collected. The associations of disease severity with independent factors were determined using the ordinal logistic regression model.ResultsThe results showed that all studied districts and zones recorded high (≥85%) NLB prevalence over the 4 years, and the disease continues to be a major threat to maize production. Variable disease severity was recorded across districts/zones during the study periods. The highest (75.45%) mean severity was recorded from Boreda, followed by Konso (75.36%), Bonke (71.61%) and Derashe (71.30%), while Mihirab Abaya (33.25%) and Arba Minch (38.285%) districts recorded the lowest mean severity. In the multiple regression model, zone, altitude, cropping year, land preparation, NPS fertilization, weeding practice, growth stage and cropping system were highly significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with disease severity.ConclusionMaize cultivation at an altitude of ≤1500 m with intermediate to good weeding practices, recommended NPS (51–100 kg ha–1) fertilization, mixed‐ and intercropping systems, sparse plant (≤20 plants m‒2) population, and vegetative to blistering growth stages had significant relationships with low (≤25, 26%–50%) disease severity, and can be considered as management options to reduce NLB pressure and yield losses to sustainably ensure maize production and productivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Independent Variable Dfmentioning

confidence: 99%

A large‐scale survey reveals agro‐ecological factors influence spatio‐temporal distribution and epidemics of maize leaf blight: Implications for prioritizing sustainable management options

Terefe,

Mengesha,

Yitayih

et al. 2023

J of Sust Agri & Env

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is one of the most versatile crops having wider adaptability under varied agroecological and climatic conditions. Globally, maize is known as “Queen of Cereals” as it is grown throughout the year due to its photo‐thermo insensitive character and the highest genetic yield potential among the cereals (Anwer et al., 2022; Navarro et al., 2021; Rehab et al., 2019; Romero, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and association of common leaf rust (Puccinia sorghi Schwein) and turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.)] of Maize (Zea mays L.) with biophysical factors in Eastern Ethiopia

Mohammed,

Bekeko,

Tesso

2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Common leaf rust (CLR) and turcicum leaf blight (TLB) are the key foliar diseases of maize in Ethiopia. However, in Eastern Ethiopia, information related to the distribution and abundance of CLR and TLB and the relationship of the diseases with independent variables are lacking. Therefore, this study was initiated with the objectives of assessing the distribution of CLR and TLB and their association with biophysical factors and cropping systems. A survey was conducted in the 2019 cropping season in different agroecological zones of East and West Hararghe zones and a total of 120 fields were surveyed. For each field assessed, disease parameters and information on cropping system were recorded. Data were analyzed by using the SAS GENEMODE procedure. Result showed that CLR incidence ranged from 16.84% to 100% in Kombolcha and Kuni districts, respectively. The severity level ranged from 6.0% for Kombolcha to 58.2% for Kuni and Chelenko districts. However, the TLB incidence ranged from 13.4% to 100% at Kobo and Haramaya districts, respectively. Similarly the severity level ranged from 6.0% to 58.0% at Kombolcha and Kuni districts, respectively. Result also showed the presence of higher values of CLR incidence, and severity (>61.7% and >32.1%, respectively) and higher level of TLB incidence and severity (>58.1% and >30.2%, respectively) were highly associated with the West Hararghe Zone, Altitude >2000 m.a.s.l., Kuni and Haramaya districts, fields without any type of fertilizer, un weeded fields, intercroped with sorghum, maize verities sown in June, and seeds collected from previous yield resulted in the highest disease incidence and severity. Among the independent variables, district was the most important variable in its association with CLR incidence (χ2 = 647.93 and 341.18, 7 df) and severity (χ2 = 219.56 and 112.83, 7 df) and with TLB incidence (χ2 = 758.91 and 350.03, 7 df) and severity (χ2 = 330.92 and 124.04, 7 df) when entered first and last into the logistic regression model, respectively. Hence, it is concluded that CLR and TLB are the most widely distributed and important foliar diseases of maize in the Hararghe highlands. Information from this study is very useful to maize growers to device an ecologically sound, and effective management options against these diseases in the study are and elsewhere where the diseases are common and prevalent.

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“…To date, several studies that have been conducted in Ethiopia have focused on the adoption of agricultural technology and value chain analysis and highlighted some determinant factors affecting maize production and marketing (Belay & Adare, 2020; Rehab et al., 2019). However, only limited information is available in the country, particularly in the study area regarding the epidemics of foliar diseases and their management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic development and management of common leaf rust (Puccinia sorghi Schwein) and turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.)] of maize (Zea mays L.) in eastern Ethiopia

Mohammed,

Bekeko,

Tesso

2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Maize production and productivity are affected by biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic factors, fungal diseases incited by common leaf rust (CLR) and turciccum leaf blight (TLB) are the most important foliar diseases of the crop in Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted at Haramaya University, research station “Raare,” during the 2019/2020 main cropping season. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effect of host resistance and fungicide application on the epidemic development of CLR and TLB, yield and yield components of maize, and the management of these foliar diseases. Four maize varieties (Afranqalloo, Bate, Gibee‐3, and Raare‐1) and Mancozeb at four different rates (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 kg ha−1) were evaluated under field conditions against the diseases. The treatments were laid out in a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. All disease and agronomic data were collected during the experimental season. The results from analysis of variance showed that the combination of the variety Bate with Mancozeb at a rate of 4.5 kg ha−1 proved to be the best treatment combination for managing both diseases. Similarly, Mancozeb at a rate of 4.5 kg ha−1 resulted in the lowest CLR and TLB disease incidence and severity (60.4% and 21.0%; 63.7% and 41.78%), respectively. Likewise, the highest grain yield (8392 kg ha−1) and thousand kernel weights of 529 g and the lowest epidemic development were recorded from the variety Bate treated with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb. The result also revealed that the integration of host resistance (the variety Bate) with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb was the most effective treatment in reducing CLR and TLB epidemic development and in increasing the grain yield of maize. The economic analysis also showed the presence of the highest marginal rate of return from the Bate variety treated with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb compared to other treatment combinations. Thus, it is concluded that the variety Bate treated with 4.5 kg ha−1 Mancozeb can be used to improve maize production and productivity in the study area and elsewhere with similar agroecologies.

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Maize Hybrids Response to Nitrogen, Potassium Fertilization and Its Relation to Some Fungal Diseases

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

A large‐scale survey reveals agro‐ecological factors influence spatio‐temporal distribution and epidemics of maize leaf blight: Implications for prioritizing sustainable management options

A large‐scale survey reveals agro‐ecological factors influence spatio‐temporal distribution and epidemics of maize leaf blight: Implications for prioritizing sustainable management options

Distribution and association of common leaf rust (Puccinia sorghi Schwein) and turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.)] of Maize (Zea mays L.) with biophysical factors in Eastern Ethiopia

Epidemic development and management of common leaf rust (Puccinia sorghi Schwein) and turcicum leaf blight [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.)] of maize (Zea mays L.) in eastern Ethiopia

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