Maize carbon dynamics are driven by soil erosion state and plant phenology rather than nitrogen fertilization form

Hoffmann, Mathias; Pohl, Madlen; Jurisch, Nicole; Prescher, Anne‐Katrin; Campa, E. Mendez; Hagemann, Ulrike; Remus, Rainer; Verch, Gernot; Sommer, Michael; Augustin, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.still.2017.09.004

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Average annual temperature in the same period was 9.1°C, with 0.6 and 17.7°C as average winter and summer temperature (DWD Climate Data Center, ). The study site is part of the experimental CarboZALF‐D field (Sommer et al, ), which represents a landscape laboratory with a research focus on the feedbacks between erosion processes and carbon dynamics (Rieckh et al, ; Aldana Jague et al, ; Gerke et al, ; Hoffmann et al, ). Before the establishment of the CarboZALF‐D experimental site in 2009, an extensive coring – based on a GIS analysis of soil forming factors – took place in the surrounding Quillow catchment (165 km 2 ) to assure representativeness of the soil pattern at the regional scale.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing rates and patterns of colluvial soil redistribution in agrarian (hummocky) landscapes

Meij

Reimann

Vornehm

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Humans have triggered or accelerated erosion processes since prehistoric times through agricultural practices. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is widely used to quantify phases and rates of the corresponding landscape change, by measuring the last moment of daylight exposure of sediments. However, natural and anthropogenic mixing processes, such as bioturbation and tillage, complicate the use of OSL as grains of different depositional ages become mixed, and grains become exposed to light even long after the depositional event of interest. Instead, OSL determines the stabilization age, indicating when sediments were buried below the active mixing zone. These stabilization ages can cause systematic underestimation when calculating deposition rates. Our focus is on colluvial deposition in a kettle hole in the Uckermark region, northeastern Germany. We took 32 samples from five locations in the colluvium filling the kettle hole to study both spatial and temporal patterns in colluviation. We combined OSL dating with advanced age modelling to determine the stabilization age of colluvial sediments. These ages were combined with an archaeological reconstruction of historical ploughing depths to derive the levels of the soil surface at the moment of stabilization; the deposition depths, which were then used to calculate unbiased deposition rates. We identified two phases of colluvial deposition. The oldest deposits (~5 ka) were located at the fringe of the kettle hole and accumulated relatively slowly, whereas the youngest deposits (<0.3 ka) rapidly filled the central kettle hole with rates of two orders of magnitude higher. We suggest that the latter phase is related to artificial drainage, facilitating accessibility in the central depression for agricultural practices. Our results show the need for numerical dating techniques that take archaeological and soil‐geomorphological information into account to identify spatiotemporal patterns of landscape change, and to correctly interpret landscape dynamics in anthropogenically influenced hilly landscapes. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstructing rates and patterns of colluvial soil redistribution in agrarian (hummocky) landscapes

Meij

Reimann

Vornehm

et al. 2019

Earth Surf Processes Landf

Self Cite

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“…This also holds true for maize, which seems to be the crop type mostly affected by soil redistribution (Figure 7). This is particularly critical, as maize has become an important energy crop that is increasingly cultivated (Hoffmann et al, 2018;Peichl, Thober, Meyer, & Samaniego, 2018;Vogel et al, 2016). In this respect, it is also important to note that these hummocky landscapes, which are highly prone to tillage erosion, cover an area of approximately 1.8 Â 10 6 km 2 globally (comparable to the size of Libya or five-times the size of Germany), whereby half of it is or was used as arable land (Sommer, Fiedler, Glatzel, & Kleber, 2004).…”

Section: Response Of Evi To Soil Erosion Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage erosion as an important driver of in‐field biomass patterns in an intensively used hummocky landscape

et al. 2021

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Tillage erosion causes substantial soil redistribution that can exceed water erosion especially in hummocky landscapes under highly mechanized large field agriculture. Consequently, truncated soil profiles can be found on hill shoulders and top slopes, whereas colluvial material is accumulated at footslopes, in depressions, and along downslope field borders. We tested the hypothesis that soil erosion substantially affects in‐field patterns of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) of different crop types on landscape scale. The interrelation between the EVI (RAPIDEYE satellite data; 5 m spatial resolution) as a proxy for crop biomass and modeled total soil erosion (tillage and water erosion modeled using SPEROS‐C) was analyzed for the Quillow catchment (size: 196 km2) in Northeast Germany in a wet versus normal year for four crop types (winter wheat, maize, winter rapeseed, winter barley). Our findings clearly indicate that eroded areas had the lowest EVI values, while the highest EVI values were found in depositional areas. The differences in the EVI between erosional and depositional sites are more pronounced in the analyzed normal year. The net effect of total erosion on the EVI compared to areas without pronounced erosion or deposition ranged from −10.2% for maize in the normal year to +3.7% for winter barley in the wet year. Tillage erosion has been identified as an important driver of soil degradation affecting in‐field crop biomass patterns in a hummocky ground moraine landscape. While soil erosion estimates are to be made, more attention should be given toward tillage erosion.

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“…The CAR-BOZALF field belongs to the hummocky landscape within the Uckermark region (northeastern Germany, 53°23′N, 13°47'O,~50-60 m a.s.l.) [46]. Winter wheat was grown there in the year of sampling.…”

Section: Soil Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic fibers affect dynamics and intensity of CO2 and N2O fluxes from soil differently

et al. 2021

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Microplastics may affect soil ecosystem functioning in critical ways, with previously documented effects including changes in soil structure and water dynamics; this suggests that microbial populations and the processes they mediate could also be affected. Given the importance for global carbon and nitrogen cycle and greenhouse warming potential, we here experimentally examined potential effects of plastic microfiber additions on CO2 and N2O greenhouse gas fluxes. We carried out a fully factorial laboratory experiment with the factors presence of microplastic fibers (0.4% w/w) and addition of urea fertilizer (100 mg N kg− 1) using one target soil. The conditions in an intensively N-fertilized arable soil were simulated by adding biogas digestate at the beginning of the incubation to all samples. We continuously monitored CO2 and N2O emissions from soil before and after urea application using a custom-built flow-through steady-state system, and we assessed soil properties, including soil structure. Microplastics affected soil properties, notably increasing soil aggregate water-stability and pneumatic conductivity, and caused changes in the dynamics and overall level of emission of both gases, but in opposite directions: overall fluxes of CO2 were increased by microplastic presence, whereas N2O emission were decreased, a pattern that was intensified following urea addition. This divergent response is explained by effects of microplastic on soil structure, with the increased air permeability likely improving O2 supply: this will have stimulated CO2 production, since mineralization benefits from better aeration. Increased O2 would at the same time have inhibited denitrification, a process contributing to N2O emissions, thus likely explaining the decrease in the latter. Our results clearly suggest that microplastic consequences for greenhouse gas emissions should become an integral part of future impact assessments, and that to understand such responses, soil structure should be assessed.

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Maize carbon dynamics are driven by soil erosion state and plant phenology rather than nitrogen fertilization form

Cited by 23 publications

References 71 publications

Reconstructing rates and patterns of colluvial soil redistribution in agrarian (hummocky) landscapes

Reconstructing rates and patterns of colluvial soil redistribution in agrarian (hummocky) landscapes

Tillage erosion as an important driver of in‐field biomass patterns in an intensively used hummocky landscape

Microplastic fibers affect dynamics and intensity of CO2 and N2O fluxes from soil differently

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