Maize and Soybean Tap, Basal, and Lateral Root Responses to a Stratified Acid, Aluminum‐Toxic Soil

Bushamuka, Victor N.; Zobel, R. W.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1998.0011183x003800020024x

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, in two quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping studies where Al tolerance was evaluated based on both assays, we identified some of the same, but also some novel, major effect Al tolerance QTLs that were only detected by TRG-RRG (A. Famoso, K. Zhao, L. Kochian, and S. McCouch, personal communication). Our observations in this study are consistent with studies in maize, wheat, sorghum, soybean (Glycine max), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), where all have reported severe inhibition of lateral roots in sensitive genotypes (Hetherington et al, 1988;Bushamuka and Zobel, 1998;Silva et al, 2001;Brichkova et al, 2007). We thus conclude that the RRG of the total root system is clearly a much better quantitative indicator of rice Al tolerance than RRG of the longest root, and our newly developed automated image capture and computational determination of growth of the total root system makes it feasible to use this parameter in large-scale genetic and physiological studies.…”

Section: Importance Of Quantifying the Whole Root System In Al Tolerasupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of a Novel Aluminum Tolerance Phenotyping Platform Used for Comparisons of Cereal Aluminum Tolerance and Investigations into Rice Aluminum Tolerance Mechanisms

Famoso

Clark²,

Shaff³

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

208

187

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The genetic and physiological mechanisms of aluminum (Al) tolerance have been well studied in certain cereal crops, and Al tolerance genes have been identified in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Rice (Oryza sativa) has been reported to be highly Al tolerant; however, a direct comparison of rice and other cereals has not been reported, and the mechanisms of rice Al tolerance are poorly understood. To facilitate Al tolerance phenotyping in rice, a high-throughput imaging system and root quantification computer program was developed, permitting quantification of the entire root system, rather than just the longest root. Additionally, a novel hydroponic solution was developed and optimized for Al tolerance screening in rice and compared with the Yoshida's rice solution commonly used for rice Al tolerance studies. To gain a better understanding of Al tolerance in cereals, comparisons of Al tolerance across cereal species were conducted at four Al concentrations using seven to nine genetically diverse genotypes of wheat, maize (Zea mays), sorghum, and rice. Rice was significantly more tolerant than maize, wheat, and sorghum at all Al concentrations, with the mean Al tolerance level for rice found to be 2-to 6-fold greater than that in maize, wheat, and sorghum. Physiological experiments were conducted on a genetically diverse panel of more than 20 rice genotypes spanning the range of rice Al tolerance and compared with two maize genotypes to determine if rice utilizes the well-described Al tolerance mechanism of root tip Al exclusion mediated by organic acid exudation. These results clearly demonstrate that the extremely high levels of rice Al tolerance are mediated by a novel mechanism, which is independent of root tip Al exclusion.

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Section: Importance Of Quantifying the Whole Root System In Al Tolerasupporting

confidence: 92%

Development of a Novel Aluminum Tolerance Phenotyping Platform Used for Comparisons of Cereal Aluminum Tolerance and Investigations into Rice Aluminum Tolerance Mechanisms

Famoso

Clark²,

Shaff³

et al. 2010

Plant Physiology

208

187

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“…Previous publications from this laboratory suggest that, in mature seedlings, there are up to four distinct types of root with unique functional patterns (Zobel 1975(Zobel , 2005aZobel et al 1992;Bushamuka and Zobel 1998). We believe this can be extended to roots <1 mm in diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Fine root diameters can change in response to changes in nutrient concentrations

2007

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“…However, as fine and coarse roots may respond differently to metal contamination (Bushamuka and Zobel 1998) we investigated their responses separately. For the mean fine root diameter the average diameter of the finest 25% of root length was calculated, and for the mean coarse root diameter the average diameter of the 10% of roots with the largest diameter was calculated.…”

Section: Calculated Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, root and leaf structure, and biomass allocation in Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. (Asteraceae) as influenced by heavy-metal-containing slag

Ryser

Emerson

2007

Plant Soil

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Effects of heavy metal contamination on growth, leaf turnover, biomass allocation and leaf and root structure of Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. were investigated. Plants were grown in two outdoor experiments, for 5 weeks or for 3 months, respectively, on sand with different additions of slag containing elevated levels of heavy metals, especially Cu and Ni. In the 3-month experiment nutrients were provided as composted manure, in the 5-week experiment as a solution. Slag contamination reduced plant growth, biomass allocation to roots, specific root length and specific leaf area, while root tissue density and leaf dry matter content increased. Fine root diameter increased, whereas coarse root diameters showed a nonsignificant decreasing trend. Toxicity of slag was lower in the 3-month experiment, probably due to organic matter in the substrate. We conclude that heavy metals in the soil around Cu-Ni smelters may, besides directly reducing growth of the plants, increase their susceptibility to other stresses such as drought, by reducing the root length to leaf area ratio. Fine and coarse roots show distinct responses, indicating that different root diameter classes should be regarded separately to fully understand stress responses of root systems.

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Maize and Soybean Tap, Basal, and Lateral Root Responses to a Stratified Acid, Aluminum‐Toxic Soil

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Development of a Novel Aluminum Tolerance Phenotyping Platform Used for Comparisons of Cereal Aluminum Tolerance and Investigations into Rice Aluminum Tolerance Mechanisms

Development of a Novel Aluminum Tolerance Phenotyping Platform Used for Comparisons of Cereal Aluminum Tolerance and Investigations into Rice Aluminum Tolerance Mechanisms

Fine root diameters can change in response to changes in nutrient concentrations

Growth, root and leaf structure, and biomass allocation in Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. (Asteraceae) as influenced by heavy-metal-containing slag

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