Maintenance requirements in metabolizable energy of adult, nonpregnant, nonlactating Charolais cows1

Ortigues, Isabelle; Petit, M.; Agabriel, Jacques; Vermorel, M.

doi:10.2527/1993.7171947x

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Therefore, our results can only be compared to information in the literature on CH 4 yield basis (% of GEI). The CH 4 yield found in this study (6.4%) was within the range (6.2-7.7%) found by Ortigues et al (1993) in calorimetry chambers for 12.5 ± 1.0a 14.8 ± 1.7b 13.2 ± 2.0a 12.5 ± 1.5a 0.03 CPI (g kg -1 LW) 3.9 ± 0.3a 1.9 ± 0.2b 1.0 ± 0.1c 0.6 ± 0.06d 0.14 NDFI (g kg -1 LW)…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Methane emissions by Charolais cows grazing a monospecific pasture of timothy at four stages of maturity

Pinares-Patiño¹,

Baumont²,

Martin³

2003

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Pinares-Patiño, C. S., Baumont, R. and Martin, C. 2003. Methane emissions by Charolais cows grazing a monospecific pasture of timothy at four stages of maturity. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 769-777. In order to examine the relationship between herbage maturity and methane (CH 4 ) emission under conditions which minimized opportunities for selective grazing, six 8-yr-old, dry and early-pregnant Charolais cows [712 ± 22.7 kg liveweight (LW)] were grazed on a mono-specific pasture of timothy at four stages of maturity: early vegetative, heading, flowering, and senescence. Daily CH 4 production was measured during 7 d using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) tracer-gas technique. Organic matter intake (OMI) was determined from fecal output estimated by Yb 2 O 3 dosing and feed digestibility (OMD) estimated using a fecal N index. The OMD (%) decreased (P < 0.05) from 77.6 at early vegetative to 56.2 at senescence, but no cow effect upon OMD was observed. The OMI (14.8 g kg -1 LW) and CH 4 production (273 g d -1 ) were higher (P < 0.05) at heading than at the other stages of maturity. The proportion of gross energy intake (GEI) lost in CH 4 did not differ with maturity (mean 6.4% of GEI). Cow effects upon OMI and CH 4 emission were significant (P < 0.05). CH 4 production (g d -1 ) was not related to diet chemical composition or OMD, but was correlated with digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (kg d -1 ) (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). Across all stages of maturity between-cow variation explained 54 to 70% of the total variation in CH 4 production. (SF 6 ). La quantité de matière organique ingérée (MOI) était calculée à partir des flux de fèces estimés par dosage de Yb 2 O 3 , et de la digestibilité de la matière organique (MOD) estimée à partir de l'azote fécal. La MOD (%) diminuait (P < 0.05) de 77.6 pour le stade végétatif à 56.2 pour le stade sénescent, mais était comparable entre animaux. La MOI (14.8 g kg -1 PV) et la production de CH 4 (273 g j -1 ) étaient plus élevées (P < 0.05) au stade épiaison qu'aux autres stades. La perte d'énergie alimentaire sous forme de méthane, ne variait pas avec le stade de maturité (6.4% de l'énergie brute ingérée en moyenne). La MOI et les émissions de CH 4 variaient entre animaux (P < 0.05). La production de CH 4 (g j -1 ) n'é-tait pas reliée à la composition chimique de l'herbe ingérée ou MOD, mais était fortement corrélée à la quantité de NDF digestible ingérée (kg j -1 ) (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). Quel que soit le stade de maturité, la variabilité animale expliquait 54 à 70% de la variation totale des productions de CH 4 .Mots clés: Méthane, bovin, variabilité animale, fléole, phénologie, pâturage sélectif Rumen methanogenesis represents a loss of between 2 to 12% of the gross energy intake (Johnson et al. 1993; Vermorel 1997) and the considerable research carried out during the 1960s and 1970s, aiming to increase feed efficiency, did not yield CH 4 mitigation technology. During the past few years, however, a renewed interest in controlling ruminant CH 4 production has been observed ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Methane emissions by Charolais cows grazing a monospecific pasture of timothy at four stages of maturity

Pinares-Patiño¹,

Baumont²,

Martin³

2003

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Such variations in E resid could be partly explained by variations in heat production losses and in maintenance requirements linked with body composition changes. Indeed, a similar decrease in heat production (measured in respiratory chambers) due to a low feeding level was previously observed in mature nonpregnant non-lactating Charolais (Ortigues et al, 1993) or composite cows (Freetly and Nienaber, 1998). In these two studies, a non-linear weight loss pattern occurred within the first 14 days after the feeding level change and no further adaptation of energy metabolism with time was reported (Ortigues et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…During the recovery period, representative grazed herbage was manually collected every week, dried in an oven (60 1C, 72 h). Samples were milled through a 0.85 mm mesh and analysed for DM, OM, nitrogen, cellulose as described in Ortigues et al (1993), and in vitro digestibility using the pepsin-cellulase method (Aufrère et al, 2007). Separate feed samples were taken for DM determination (103 1C, 24 h).…”

Section: Feedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in calculated residual energy in variable nutritional environments: An indirect approach to apprehend suckling beef cows’ robustness

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tThe major perturbation that beef cows have to face in extensive livestock systems is changes in feed resource availability. The ability of beef cows to face variable nutritional environments (robustness) involves adaptive processes that drive adjustments in the energy allocation toward life functions. This study proposes an indirect approach to quantify the modulation of energy allocation over a changing nutritional environment. The concept of residual energy (E resid ), defined as the net energy intake minus the energy secreted in milk and deposited in tissues, was used to investigate the variation in energy allocation priority for maintaining productive traits. In this study robustness was assessed by the difference in E resid between cows experiencing either variable or non limiting nutritional trajectories and differing in body reserves at calving. Forty multiparous Charolais suckling cows, differing in their body condition at calving (moderate (M, n¼ 19): BCS c ¼ 2.070.04 (scale 0-5)) vs fat (F, n¼ 18): BCS c ¼ 2.870.08) were used. They were submitted to two energy levels during the first 120 days post-partum (P1): Control (MC (n¼9) and FC (n¼ 9)) vs Low (ML (n¼10) and FL (n¼ 9)). The average energy intake, expressed in net energy for lactation (NE L ), was 90.7 and 54.7 MJ/d/ cow for C and L cows, respectively. Subsequently (P2, 120-196 days post-partum) all the cows were turned out to a permanent pasture. BW, body condition and milk production were regularly measured in P1 and P2. Body lipid reserves were assessed at calving, end of P1 and end of P2 by measuring adipose cell diameter. The overall milk production was similar between groups of cows over the 2 phases of the changing nutritional trajectories highlighting the robustness of beef cows to achieve this function. During P1, L cows lost BW and body lipid reserves. During P2, BW and BCS gains were similar in FL and ML cows. At the end of P2, FL and ML cows weighed 20 and 10 kg less than FC and MC cows, respectively. Considering both experimental periods (P1þ P2), E resid was 23% lower in L than in C cows (Po0.05). This difference was observed regardless of BCS c , showing that thin beef cows withstood the change in nutritional trajectory after calving similarly to the fatter ones. E resid changes reflect the ability of beef cows to preserve energy allocation toward life functions in changing nutritional environments and may be viewed as indirect criteria of robustness.

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“…The correction was as follows: V, = Energy expenditure was then calculated according to Brouwer ( 1965) excluding the urinary N and the methane factors. However, a 1% correction in EE was subsequently applied to account for it (Ortigues et al, 1993). Thus,…”

Section: Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy cost of standing and circadian changes in energy expenditure in the preruminant calf

Ortigues¹,

Martin²,

Vermorel³

et al. 1994

Journal of Animal Science

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ABSTRACT:An experiment was conducted with and its standard error were lower than values four preruminant calves to measure the energy cost obtained by regression (2,131 cal-kg BW-I-h-l, SE = and the diurnal pattern of physical activity in 862.2, n = 8 ) . The energy cost of standing was highest tethered, fed calves and to determine whether differafter meal times and lowest at night. These variations ences in activity could interfere with the interpretacould reflect the nonuniform activity patterns of calves tion of circadian changes in heat production. Measurewhile standing. The time spent standing per hour ments were carried out in large respiration chambers showed the same variations during the day as the (3,650 L of inner volume), and a computation method energy cost of standing. Noteworthy, the elevated was presented that allowed the calculation of the energy expenditure measured in the 1st h after the energy cost of standing for each standing period. This morning meal was due to activity cost rather than to cost averaged 449 cal.kg BW-l.h-l (SE = 41.6, n = 4 ) .meal thermogenesis. Standardization of diurnal heat It represented a 23 to 27% increase in heat production production profiles to a given activity pattern thus above that measured in the lying state. This estimate seemed to be necessary.

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Maintenance requirements in metabolizable energy of adult, nonpregnant, nonlactating Charolais cows1

Cited by 27 publications

References 27 publications

Methane emissions by Charolais cows grazing a monospecific pasture of timothy at four stages of maturity

Methane emissions by Charolais cows grazing a monospecific pasture of timothy at four stages of maturity

Changes in calculated residual energy in variable nutritional environments: An indirect approach to apprehend suckling beef cows’ robustness

Energy cost of standing and circadian changes in energy expenditure in the preruminant calf

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