Maintenance of polarity and a dual cell population in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study

Kasami, Masako; Sj, Olson; Jf, Simpson; Dl, Page

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1998.00383.x

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Accordingly, in some breast carcinomas, neoplastic myoepithelial cells are present and appear to be functional. This is the case with the adenoid cystic carcinoma, which has a better prognosis and does not metastasize to distant sites (72). In these carcinomas, laminin is deposited, and the neoplastic luminal epithelial cells polarize correctly.…”

Section: Myoepithelial Cells In Neoplasiamentioning

confidence: 97%

Myoepithelial Cells: Their Origin and Function in Breast Morphogenesis and Neoplasia

Gudjonsson

Adriance

Sternlicht

et al. 2005

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

229

211

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The human breast epithelium is a branching ductal system composed of an inner layer of polarized luminal epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells that terminate in distally located terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs). While the luminal epithelial cell has received the most attention as the functionally active milk-producing cell and as the most likely target cell for carcinogenesis, attention on myoepithelial cells has begun to evolve with the recognition that these cells play an active part in branching morphogenesis and tumor suppression. A major question that has been the subject of investigation pertains to how the luminal epithelial and myoepithelial lineages are related and precisely how they arise from a common putative stem cell population within the breast. Equally important is the question of how heterotypic signaling occurs between luminal epithelial and surrounding myoepithelial cells in normal breast morphogenesis and neoplasia. In this review we discuss data from our laboratories and from others regarding the cellular origin of human myoepithelial cells, their function in maintaining tissue polarity in the normal breast, and their role during neoplasia.

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Section: Myoepithelial Cells In Neoplasiamentioning

confidence: 97%

Myoepithelial Cells: Their Origin and Function in Breast Morphogenesis and Neoplasia

Gudjonsson

Adriance

Sternlicht

et al. 2005

J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia

229

211

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“…Nonsentinel axillary lymph node dissection was performed in Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast S Azoulay et al eight cases. The median number of lymph nodes examined was 12 (range: [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. No lymph node metastases were seen in either of these cases.…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunohistochemical studies have shown that adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast are estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors composed of a double population of cells: epithelial cytokeratin-positive cells, and myoepithelial, vimentin and S100 protein-positive cells. [7][8][9][10] Recent descriptions have identified two distinct molecular weight cytokeratins (CK) as markers of different population of breast gland epithelium; CK8/18 (low molecular weight CK) expressed by luminal cells and CK5/6 (high molecular weight CK) expressed by basal cells. 11 Stem cells, which have the capacity to differentiate towards either glandular or basal phenotype, have also been identified.…”

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confidence: 99%

KIT is highly expressed in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, a basal-like carcinoma associated with a favorable outcome

et al. 2005

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Recent biological studies have classified breast carcinomas into HER2-overexpressing, estrogen receptorpositive/luminal, basal-and normal-like groups. According to this new biological classification, the objectives of our study were to assess the clinical, morphologic and immunophenotypic characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast in order to classify this subtype of breast carcinoma. A total of 18 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma were identified from the Institut Curie files. Clinical information was available for 16 patients with a median follow-up of 6.5 years. Morphologically, all tumors were graded according to the system defined by Kleer and Oberman (histologic and nuclear grade). Immunophenotype was assessed with anti-ER, PR, HER-2, KIT, basal (CK5/6) and luminal cytokeratins (CK8/18) and p63 antibodies. One out of 18 tumors was nuclear grade 1 (16%), nine were nuclear grade 2 (50%) and eight were nuclear grade 3 (44%). All cases were estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER-2 negative. Epithelial cells were strongly positive around glandular lumina with one or both cytokeratins, identifying the coexistence of CK5/6 þ cells, CK5/6 and CK8/18 þ cells, CK8/18 þ cells and p63 þ cells. All cases (100%) were also KIT positive. In all, 15 patients were treated by surgery. Nine of them received adjuvant radiotherapy. Follow-up was available for 16 patients. In all, 14 patients were alive. Two of them, initially treated by surgery only, presented a local recurrence. Two patients died (one of them treated by radiation therapy only died from her disease). Our study shows that adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast is a special, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER-2 negative and highly KIT-positive, basal-like breast carcinoma, associated with an excellent prognosis. This highly specific immunophenotype could be useful to differentiate adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast from other subtypes of breast carcinoma such as cribriform carcinoma.

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“…[1][2][3] The constituent neoplastic cells are both of luminal and myoepithelial type, arranged in a wide spectrum of histological patterns, that is, trabecular, tubular-cribriform, solid, and basaloid, which usually coexist in the same tumor. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Most adenoid cystic carcinomas follow a favorable clinical course with a low prevalence of axillary lymph node metastases (approximately 10%). Tumors showing a predominant solid pattern of growth however reportedly have a more aggressive behavior, 8 with distant metastases despite the absence of lymph node involvement and poor 5-year overall survival.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunoreactivity for c-kit and p63 as an adjunct in the diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast

et al. 2005

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Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast represents a unique clinicopathologic entity with a variable histological appearance and a relatively indolent clinical course in most of the cases. Adenoid cystic carcinoma may be difficult to differentiate from infiltrating duct carcinomas, and in particular from tubular and cribriform carcinomas, especially in core or vacuum-assisted biopsies. We evaluated the prevalence of c-kit, p63, and e-cadherin immunoreactivity in a series of 20 adenoid cystic carcinomas, comparing the results with those obtained in a series of infiltrating tubular carcinomas and infiltrating cribriform carcinomas. The hormone receptor status, proliferation labeling index, and HER/2 immunoreactivity had been previously investigated in all the cases. Three (15%) adenoid cystic carcinomas and all infiltrating tubular and cribriform carcinomas showed estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor immunoreactivity (Po0.00001 for estrogen and P ¼ 0.00002 for progesterone receptors). Adenoid cystic carcinomas consistently lacked any immunoreactivity for HER/2, whereas three (15%) infiltrating and cribriform carcinomas showed weak and incomplete membrane staining (P ¼ 0.23077). Membranous immunoreactivity for c-kit was found in all except one (predominantly basaloid) adenoid cystic carcinomas (95%), and in none of the infiltrating tubular and cribriform carcinomas (Po0.00001). Nuclear immunoreactivity for p63 was found in all except three (predominantly basaloid) adenoid cystic carcinomas (85%) and in none of the infiltrating tubular and cribriform carcinomas (Po0.00001). All infiltrating tubular and cribriform carcinomas and 18/20 (90%) adenoid cystic carcinomas showed immunoreactivity for e-cadherin (P ¼ 0.48718). In summary, adenoid cystic carcinomas showed the following phenotype: estrogen receptorþ (two cases, 10%), and estrogen receptor þ /progesterone receptor À /c-kit þ /p63 þ (one case). By contrast, all the infiltrating tubular and cribriform carcinomas showed the estrogen receptor þ /progesterone receptor þ /c-kit À /p63 À phenotype. Our data provide evidence that immunoreactivity for c-kit and/or p63 may be useful in differentiating adenoid cystic carcinomas from other types of breast cancer.

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Maintenance of polarity and a dual cell population in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: an immunohistochemical study

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Myoepithelial Cells: Their Origin and Function in Breast Morphogenesis and Neoplasia

Myoepithelial Cells: Their Origin and Function in Breast Morphogenesis and Neoplasia

KIT is highly expressed in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, a basal-like carcinoma associated with a favorable outcome

Immunoreactivity for c-kit and p63 as an adjunct in the diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast

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