Maintenance of Lost Weight and Long-Term Management of Obesity

Hall, Kevin D.; Kahan, Scott

doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.012

Cited by 515 publications

(447 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Subjects from the discovery cohort were asked to provide self-collected fecal samples from three consecutive days at two separate time points: pre-diet and 10 weeks after initiation of the dietary intervention. The 10-week time point was selected because subjects in long-term weight-loss studies typically reach their maximum weight loss around 3 months 47 and we expected maximum change in the microbiota to co-occur with this peak weight loss. Subjects from the validation cohort were asked to provide two self-collected pre-diet fecal samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention

Grembi

Nguyen

Haggerty

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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While low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets can both lead to weight-loss, a substantial variability in achieved long-term outcomes exists among obese but otherwise healthy adults. We examined the hypothesis that structural differences in the gut microbiota explain a portion of variability in weight-loss using two cohorts of obese adults enrolled in the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study. A total of 161 pre-diet fecal samples were sequenced from a discovery cohort (n = 66) and 106 from a validation cohort (n = 56). An additional 157 fecal samples were sequenced from the discovery cohort after 10 weeks of dietary intervention. We found no specific bacterial signatures associated with weight loss that were consistent across both cohorts. However, the gut microbiota plasticity (i.e. variability), was correlated with long-term (12-month) weight loss in a diet-dependent manner; on the low-fat diet subjects with higher pre-diet daily plasticity had higher sustained weight loss, whereas on the low-carbohydrate diet those with higher plasticity over 10 weeks of dieting had higher 12-month weight loss. Our findings suggest the potential importance of gut microbiota plasticity for sustained weight-loss. We highlight the advantages of evaluating kinetic trends and assessing reproducibility in studies of the gut microbiota.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention

Grembi

Nguyen

Haggerty

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Thus, it is unclear whether these individuals with metabolically healthy obesity would benefit from weight loss. Furthermore, given the low success rates for obesity reduction and the stigma and bias experienced by those struggling with obesity , it may be particularly important to confirm whether obesity itself is associated with increased morbidity and mortality risk or reduced quality of life outcomes. Furthermore, whether metabolically healthy individuals with obesity benefit from weight loss in terms of physical, functional, psychological and metabolic outcomes needs to be confirmed in future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individuals with obesity but no other metabolic risk factors are not at significantly elevated all‐cause mortality risk in men and women

et al. 2018

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SummaryStudies have examined mortality risk for metabolically healthy obesity, defined as zero or one metabolic risk factors but not as zero risk factors. Thus, we sought to determine the independent mortality risk associated with obesity or elevated glucose, blood pressure or lipids in isolation or clustered together. The sample included 54 089 men and women from five cohort studies (follow‐up = 12.8 ± 7.2 years and 4864 [9.0%] deaths). Individuals were categorized as having obesity or elevated glucose, blood pressure or lipids alone or clustered with obesity or another metabolic factor. In our study sample, 6% of individuals presented with obesity but no other metabolic abnormalities. General obesity (hazard ratios [HR], 95% CI = 1.10, 0.8–1.6) and abdominal obesity (HR = 1.24, 0.9–1.7) in the absence of metabolic risk factors were not associated with mortality risk compared to lean individuals. Conversely, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in isolation were significantly associated with mortality risk (HR range = 1.17–1.94, P < 0.05). However, when using traditional approaches, obesity (HR = 1.12, 1.02–1.23) is independently associated with mortality risk after statistical adjustment for the other metabolic risk factors. Similarly, metabolically healthy obesity, when defined as zero or one risk factor, is also associated with increased mortality risk (HR = 1.15, 1.01–1.32) as compared to lean healthy individuals. Obesity in the absence of metabolic abnormalities may not be associated with higher risk for all‐cause mortality compared to lean healthy individuals. Conversely, elevation of even a single metabolic risk factor is associated with increased mortality risk.

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“…Obesity is the consequence of a chronic positive energy balance, a state where energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. A major obstacle of obesity management is the maintenance of a given body weight loss, since weight loss is accompanied by a notable and persistent decrease in energy expenditure (1,2). This decrease in energy expenditure is hardly compensated by physical activity, the only available strategy to increase energy expenditure so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty Acid Metabolite Profiling Reveals Oxylipins as Markers of Brown but Not Brite Adipose Tissue

et al. 2020

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Metabolites of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are important signaling molecules implicated in the control of adipogenesis and energy balance regulation. Some of these metabolites belonging to the group of oxylipins have been associated with non-shivering thermogenesis in mice mediated by brown or brite adipose tissue. We aimed to identify novel molecules with thermogenic potential and to clarify the relevance of these findings in a translational context. Therefore, we characterized and compared the oxylipin profiles of murine and human adipose tissues with different abundance of brown or brite adipocytes. A broad panel of 36 fatty acid metabolites was quantified in brown and white adipose tissues of C57BL/6J mice acclimatized to different ambient temperatures and in biopsies of human supraclavicular brown and white adipose tissue. The oxylipin profile of murine brite adipose tissue was not distinguishable from white adipose tissue, suggesting that adipose tissue browning in vivo is not associated with major changes in the oxylipin metabolism. Human brown and white adipose tissue also exhibited similar metabolite profiles. This is in line with previous studies proposing human brown adipose tissue to resemble the nature of murine brite adipose tissue representing a heterogeneous mixture of brite and white adipocytes. Although the global oxylipin profile served as a marker for the abundance of thermogenic adipocytes in bona fide brown but not white adipose tissue, we identified 5-HETE and 5,6-EET as individual compounds consistently associated with the abundance of brown or brite adipocytes in human BAT and murine brite fat. Further studies need to establish whether these candidates are mere markers or functional effectors of thermogenic capacity.

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Maintenance of Lost Weight and Long-Term Management of Obesity

Cited by 515 publications

References 91 publications

Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention

Gut microbiota plasticity is correlated with sustained weight loss on a low-carb or low-fat dietary intervention

Individuals with obesity but no other metabolic risk factors are not at significantly elevated all‐cause mortality risk in men and women

Fatty Acid Metabolite Profiling Reveals Oxylipins as Markers of Brown but Not Brite Adipose Tissue

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