Maintenance of Chloroplast Structure and Function by Overexpression of the Rice<i>MONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASE</i>Gene Leads to Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Tobacco

Wang, Shiwen; Uddin, Helal; Tanaka, Kiyoshi; Yin, Lina; Shi, Zhonghui; Qi, Yanhua; Mano, Junichi; Matsui, Kenji; Shimomura, Norihiro; Sakaki, Takeshi; Deng, Xin; Zhang, Suiqi

doi:10.1104/pp.114.238899

Cited by 83 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…As discussed in the Introduction, DGDG forms bilayers, whereas MGDG tends to form a non‐bilayer phase, and the higher ratio of DGDG/MGDG is important for protein folding and insertion (Bogdanov & Dowhan, ; Dörmann & Benning, ). Furthermore, a higher DGDG:MGDG ratio could enhance chloroplast membrane stability, which facilitates salt tolerance of plants (Sui & Han, ; Wang et al, ). In our results, DGD was up‐regulated in both cultivars under salt stress and significantly up‐regulated in plants with choline treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DGDG and MGDG can improve chloroplast membrane stability and retard leaf senescence (Chen, Wang, Qi, Yin, & Deng, ). An increasing number of studies have shown that an increased DGDG:MGDG ratio contributes to plant adaption to environmental stresses, including salt, drought, and high temperature (Chen et al, ; Torres‐Franklin, Gigon, De Melo, Zuily‐Fodil, & Pham‐Thi, ; Wang et al, ; Zhang, Xu, & Huang, ). Seed priming with choline has been reported to alter phospholipid content of wheat plants, which may affect tolerance (Salama & Mansour, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Up‐regulation of lipid metabolism and glycine betaine synthesis are associated with choline‐induced salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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Choline may affect salt tolerance by regulating lipid and glycine betaine (GB) metabolism. This study was conducted to determine whether alteration of lipid profiles and GB metabolism may contribute to choline regulation and genotypic variations in salt tolerance in a halophytic grass, seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum). Plants of Adalayd and Sea Isle 2000 were subjected to salt stress (200‐mM NaCl) with or without foliar application of choline chloride (1 mM). Genotypic variations in salt tolerance and promotive effects of choline application on salt tolerance were associated with both the up‐regulation of lipid metabolism and GB synthesis. The genotypic variations in salt tolerance associated with lipid metabolism were reflected by the differential accumulation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine between Adalayd and Sea Isle 2000. Choline‐induced salt tolerance was associated with of the increase in digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) content including DGDG (36:4 and 36:6) in both cultivars of seashore paspalum and enhanced synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (34:2, 36:5, and 36:2) and phosphatidic acid (34:2, 34:1, and 36:5), as well as increases in the ratio of digalactosyl diacylglycerol: monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG:MGDG) in salt‐tolerant Sea Isle 2000. Choline regulation of salt tolerance may be due to the alteration in lipid metabolism in this halophytic grass species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Up‐regulation of lipid metabolism and glycine betaine synthesis are associated with choline‐induced salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Regarding the integrity of the chloroplasts, we found that monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (MGD2) was upregulated in the leaves; this molecule is known to be involved in the biosynthesis of galactolipid, a molecule that stabilizes the chloroplast membrane, thereby ensuring the photosynthesis can be maintained (Wang et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Responses in Root and Leaf of Prunus persica under Drought Stress Using RNA Sequencing

et al. 2016

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Prunus persica L. Batsch, or peach, is one of the most important crops and it is widely established in irrigated arid and semi-arid regions. However, due to variations in the climate and the increased aridity, drought has become a major constraint, causing crop losses worldwide. The use of drought-tolerant rootstocks in modern fruit production appears to be a useful method of alleviating water deficit problems. However, the transcriptomic variation and the major molecular mechanisms that underlie the adaptation of drought-tolerant rootstocks to water shortage remain unclear. Hence, in this study, high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to assess the transcriptomic changes and the key genes involved in the response to drought in root tissues (GF677 rootstock) and leaf tissues (graft, var. Catherina) subjected to 16 days of drought stress. In total, 12 RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced. This generated a total of 315 M raw reads from both tissues, which allowed the assembly of 22,079 and 17,854 genes associated with the root and leaf tissues, respectively. Subsets of 500 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in roots and 236 in leaves were identified and functionally annotated with 56 gene ontology (GO) terms and 99 metabolic pathways, which were mostly associated with aminobenzoate degradation and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The GO analysis highlighted the biological functions that were exclusive to the root tissue, such as “locomotion,” “hormone metabolic process,” and “detection of stimulus,” indicating the stress-buffering role of the GF677 rootstock. Furthermore, the complex regulatory network involved in the drought response was revealed, involving proteins that are associated with signaling transduction, transcription and hormone regulation, redox homeostasis, and frontline barriers. We identified two poorly characterized genes in P. persica: growth-regulating factor 5 (GRF5), which may be involved in cellular expansion, and AtHB12, which may be involved in root elongation. The reliability of the RNA-seq experiment was validated by analyzing the expression patterns of 34 DEGs potentially involved in drought tolerance using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The transcriptomic resources generated in this study provide a broad characterization of the acclimation of P. persica to drought, shedding light on the major molecular responses to the most important environmental stressor.

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“…Also, treatment with the inhibitor galvestine-1 led to a reduced MGDG content which was accompanied by impaired chloroplasts development and fewer thylakoids (52). On the other hand, overexpression of a rice MGDG synthase in tobacco strongly increased tolerance to salt stress (53). Here, we propose that MGDGs surrounding PS II, a major site of 1 O 2 formation (6), might provide a buffer to protect proteins from damage by 1 O 2 and/or by hydroxyl radicals in plastids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membranes as Structural Antioxidants

Schmid‐Siegert

Stepushenko

Glauser

et al. 2016

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Genetic evidence suggests that membranes rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) act as supramolecular antioxidants that capture reactive oxygen species, thereby limiting damage to proteins. This process generates lipid fragmentation products including malondialdehyde (MDA), an archetypal marker of PUFA oxidation. We observed transient increases in levels of endogenous MDA in wounded Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, raising the possibility that MDA is metabolized. We developed a rigorous ion exchange method to purify enzymatically gener- The susceptibility of fatty acids to oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) 3 increases with desaturation (1, 2), so that membranes rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are potentially vulnerable to oxidative damage. It is therefore remarkable that intra-organellar membranes in mitochondria and chloroplasts, organelles with highly oxidative metabolism, typically contain high percentages of PUFAs (3, 4). Both organelle types are active sites of ROS production (5, 6). For example, thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts are prone to photo-oxidative damage by singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) that is produced through the interaction of excited (triplet-state) chlorophyll with oxygen (6 -8). Moreover, the major site of 1 O 2 generation in chloroplasts, photosystem II (PSII), is surrounded by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich lipids (9) and, strikingly, twothirds of the FAs in thylakoids are triunsaturated fatty acids (TFAs), chiefly ␣-linolenic acid (10). These fatty acids are highly prone to oxidative fragmentation in vivo (11).Cells counter the threat posed by 1 O 2 and other ROS with multiple protection mechanisms known to involve low molecular mass antioxidants. Among the best characterized of these cellular protectants are tocopherols (reviewed in Ref. 12). Indeed, mutants that lack tocopherol and plastochromanol are less protected against 1 O 2 and show elevated levels of nonenzymatic lipid oxidation (nLPO; 13, 14). Additionally, carotenoids both physically and chemically quench 1 O 2 (15). We proposed recently that a further layer of protection may also exist, one that uses PUFA-rich membranes as structural antioxidants. This hypothesis emerged from the fact that, even when grown under mild and relatively low light conditions, plants that lack TFAs displayed hallmark features of oxidative stress (16). TFAs act to protect proteins by absorbing ROS such as 1 O 2 and hydroxyl radicals produced under both healthy and stressful conditions (7,11,16).The development of the supramolecular antioxidant hypothesis has been facilitated by the rigorous quantitative analysis of a PUFA fragmentation product, the 3-carbon dialdehyde malondialdehyde (MDA) that is generally considered to be harmful to the cells of humans (17, 18) and plants (19 -21). MDA may also have activities in redox signaling (reviewed in Ref. 11). This compound, one of a plethora of PUFA oxidation products, is a robust marker of nonenzymatic lipid oxidation in animals (1) and in plants (e.g. 22). Furthermore, protocol...

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Maintenance of Chloroplast Structure and Function by Overexpression of the RiceMONOGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL SYNTHASEGene Leads to Enhanced Salt Tolerance in Tobacco

Cited by 83 publications

References 61 publications

Up‐regulation of lipid metabolism and glycine betaine synthesis are associated with choline‐induced salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum

Up‐regulation of lipid metabolism and glycine betaine synthesis are associated with choline‐induced salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum

Transcriptional Responses in Root and Leaf of Prunus persica under Drought Stress Using RNA Sequencing

Membranes as Structural Antioxidants

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