Maintenance and growth requirements for nitrogen, lysine and methionine and their utilisation efficiencies in juvenile black tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon, using a factorial approach

Abstract

We used a factorial approach to distinguish maintenance from growth requirements for protein, lysine and methionine in the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Juvenile P. monodon (initial weight 2·4 g) were fed during 6 weeks one of ten semi-purified diets based on casein and purified amino acids (AA) as N source. The diets contained four levels of crude protein (CP, from 5 to 54 % DM diet) with two levels (% CP) of lysine or methionine (normal or 30 % deficient). Requirements were determined using linear and non-linear regression models. We could thus obtain the first ever data on maintenance (N equilibrium) requirements for CP and AA in P. monodon. CP requirements for maintenance (4·5 g/kg body weight (BW) per d) represented approximately 19 % of the CP requirement for maximal N gain (23·9 g/kg BW per d). The marginal efficiency of utilisation reached a maximum of 38 % for N, 0·77 for lysine and 1·62 for methionine using N gain as response. Lysine requirements were 0·20 g/kg BW per d for N maintenance and 1·40 g/kg BW per d for maximal N gain. Methionine requirements were 0·11 g/kg BW per d for N maintenance and 0·70 g/kg BW per d for maximal N gain. The lysine (5·8 %) and methionine (2·9 %) requirements for maximal N gain, expressed as percentage of protein requirement, agree with literature data using a dose -response technique with smaller P. monodon. The observed interaction between dietary CP and methionine for N gain demonstrates that requirements for indispensable AA (expressed as % CP) cannot be evaluated separately from CP requirements. Crustaceans: Protein requirement: Indispensable amino acids: Logistic model: Marginal utilisation efficiencyThe black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is the second most cultured crustacean species worldwide (1) . Due to the importance of protein for shrimp growth, its high cost in formulated feeds and the environmental implications of N losses, it is essential to gain a better understanding of N requirements and N utilisation in P. monodon. Available data on crude protein requirements (CP, % DM diet) of P. monodon show a large degree of variability, i.e. from 36-40 % (2) up to 50 % (3) . Several factors, e.g. differences in protein source, dietary energy level, life stage, rearing conditions and, in particular, differences in feed intake (FI), can explain some of this variation (4) . The confounding effect of FI on dietary protein requirement estimates has also been illustrated with the pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (5,6) . The latter authors (6) demonstrated that maximum weight gain could be obtained by a wide range of dietary CP levels (30-40 % DM diet) at different feed allowances (50, 75 and 100 % of typical daily intakes), underlining the importance of expressing protein requirements on absolute basis rather than as a percentage of the diet. The use of the factorial approach, which allows the distinction between maintenance and growth for estimating protein requirements, has been initially developed for terrestrial animals (7,8) and has also been appl...

Effects of replacement of fish meal with fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance, body composition and haemolymph indexes of Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannameiBoone, 1931

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An analysis of the effect of diet and genotype on protein and energy utilization by the black tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon- why do genetically selected shrimp grow faster?

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Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus

“…The search for fish meal substitutes and alternative dietary protein sources has become an international research priority (Lee, 2002). Many studies have shown that the requirement of lysine in crustacean such as shrimp ranged from 3.8% to 5.8% of dietary protein (Fox et al, 1995;Millamena et al, 1998;Teshima et al, 2002;Richard et al, 2010;Xie et al, 2012;Palma et al, 2013). However, there were only a few studies on essential amino acid (EAA) requirement for marine and freshwater crabs (Ye et al, 2010).…”