Maintaining the structural and functional homeostasis of the plant endoplasmic reticulum

Brandizzí, Federica

doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.008

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…The ER network undergoes continuous remodeling through processes that include homotypic fusion of ER tubules and the interconversion of ER tubules and cisternae due to the action of ER shapers, the cytoskeleton and associated motors, and ERcytoskeleton connectors (Brandizzi, 2021). Together, these processes and ER shapers contribute to the overall movement or streaming of the ER.…”

Section: Open Questions On the Network Structure Of The Plant Er (Written By Federica Brandizzi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, lateral shrinkage of the grana diameter is beneficial for the repair of mitochondria, endosomes, peroxisomes, Golgi ,and TGN (Barton et al, 2013;Perez-Sancho et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2019b;Brandizzi, 2021). Unique to plants, however, are the functional interactions at ER-plastid MCS for lipid synthesis and transport (Liu and Li, 2019), the control of intercellular communication through PD MCS-regulated intercellular bridges (Tilsner et al, 2016), and the MCS activities driven by a super-continuum that encompasses the cell wall, PM, ER, and cytoskeleton Perez-Sancho et al, 2015;Zang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Structural Membrane Dynamics As a Means To Control Energy Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions

et al. 2021

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In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the following short reviews, the authors discuss the complexities of the plant cell endomembrane system, exciting connections between organelles, novel insights into peroxisome structure and function, dynamics of mitochondria, and the mysteries that need to be unlocked from the plant cell wall. These discussions are focused through a lens of new microscopy techniques. Advanced imaging has uncovered unexpected shapes, dynamics, and intricate membrane formations. With a continued focus in the next decade, these imaging modalities coupled with functional studies are sure to begin to unravel mysteries of the plant cell.

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Section: Open Questions On the Network Structure Of The Plant Er (Written By Federica Brandizzi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Membrane Dynamics As a Means To Control Energy Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions

et al. 2021

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“…Many other cellular organelles are also physically and functionally linked with the ER. During cell development, the ER remodels its shape continuously to achieve its optical quantity and quality ( Brandizzi, 2021 ). In addition, plants are sessile organisms that live under prevailing environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 Is a Receptor for Selective Autophagy of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arabidopsis

2022

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ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) is a plant member of atlastin GTPases, which belong to an evolutionally conserved family of proteins that mediate the homotypic fusion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). An atlastin in mammalian cells has recently been shown to act as an ER-phagy receptor for selective autophagy of the ER (ER-phagy) during nutrient starvation. Although RHD3 has been indicated to play a role in ER stress response, it is not very clear how RHD3 is involved in the process. In this study, we showed that the rhd3 mutant is hyposensitive to ER as well as salt stress. We employed an YFP-tagged ER membrane marker YFP-TMC to monitor the efficiency of ER-phagy microscopically and biochemically. We found that rhd3 is defective in ER-phagy under ER stress. Furthermore, there is an increased association of YFP-RHD3 with ATG8e-marked autophagosomes. YFP-RHD3 is also visible with ATG8e in the vacuole, and there is a breakdown of YFP-RHD3 under ER stress. RHD3 has two putative ATG8 interaction motifs (AIM1-2). We revealed that RHD3 but not RHD3(ΔAIM1) physically interacts with ATG8, a core autophagosomal component that interacts with various receptor proteins to recruit cargos for degradation by selective autophagy. Furthermore, their interaction is enhanced under ER stress. We thus propose that RHD3 acts as an ER-phagy receptor under ER stress to promote ER-phagy in Arabidopsis.

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“…The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest cellular organelle that controls the fundamental part of the protein homeostasis network by folding nascent peptides, packaging them, and sending them to their target locations ( Brandizzi, 2021 ; Howell, 2021 ; Verchot and Pajerowska-Mukhtar, 2021 ). ER also serves as a hub for cellular-adaptive responses to environmental challenges, including nutrient deficiency, oxidative or chemical stress, virus and bacterial infection, and heat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Quantitative Arabidopsis IRE1a Ribonuclease-Dependent in vitro mRNA Cleavage Assay for Functional Studies of Substrate Splicing and Decay Activities

et al. 2021

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The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive eukaryotic reaction that controls the protein folding capacities of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The most ancient and well-conserved component of the UPR is Inositol-Requiring Enzyme 1 (IRE1). Arabidopsis IRE1a (AtIRE1) is a transmembrane sensor of ER stress equipped with dual protein kinase and ribonuclease (RNase) activities, encoded by its C-terminal domain. In response to both physiological stresses and pathological perturbations, AtIRE1a directly cleaves bZIP60 (basic leucine zipper 60) mRNA. Here, we developed a quantitative in vitro cleavage assay that combines recombinant AtIRE1a protein that is expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and total RNA isolated from Arabidopsis leaves. Wild-type AtIRE1a as well as its variants containing point mutations in the kinase or RNase domains that modify its cleavage activity were employed to demonstrate their contributions to cleavage activity levels. We show that, when exposed to total RNA in vitro, the AtIRE1a protein cleaves bZIP60 mRNA. Depletion of the bZIP60 transcript in the reaction mixture can be precisely quantified by a qRT-PCR-mediated assay. This method facilitates the functional studies of novel plant IRE1 variants by allowing to quickly and precisely assess the effects of protein mutations on the substrate mRNA cleavage activity before advancing to more laborious, stable transgenic approaches in planta. Moreover, this method is readily adaptable to other plant IRE1 paralogs and orthologs, and can also be employed to test additional novel mRNA substrates of plant IRE1, such as transcripts undergoing degradation through the process of regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD). Finally, this method can also be modified and expanded to functional testing of IRE1 interactors and inhibitors, as well as for studies on the molecular evolution of IRE1 and its substrates, providing additional insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of IRE1-mediated ER stress homeostasis in plant tissues.

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Maintaining the structural and functional homeostasis of the plant endoplasmic reticulum

Cited by 35 publications

References 131 publications

A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions

A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions

ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 Is a Receptor for Selective Autophagy of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Arabidopsis

A Quantitative Arabidopsis IRE1a Ribonuclease-Dependent in vitro mRNA Cleavage Assay for Functional Studies of Substrate Splicing and Decay Activities

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