“…Although the ER model is generally labeled as a conceptual model (Batini, Ceri, & Navathe, 1992), it has a strong influence on the logical representation (Teorey, Yang, & Fry, 1986), which is almost always based on the relational model (Codd, 1970;Teorey, 1999) for transactional databases. Data modeling methods generally represent entities, attributes, and the degree and cardinality of relationships in the ER diagram (Hoffer, Ramesh, & Topi, 2010;Milton & Kazmierczak, 2004;Teorey, 1999), which can be translated into the relational representation using straightforward rules (An, Hu, & Song, 2010;Ram, 1995;Teorey et al, 1986).…”