Maintaining centrosomes and cilia

Abstract

Centrosomes and cilia are present in organisms from all branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. These structures are composed of microtubules and various other proteins, and are required for a plethora of cell processes such as structuring the cytoskeleton, sensing the environment, and motility. Deregulation of centrosome and cilium components leads to a wide range of diseases, some of which are incompatible with life. Centrosomes and cilia are thought to be very stable and can persist over long periods of time. However, these structures can disappear in certain developmental stages and diseases. Moreover, some centrosome and cilia components are quite dynamic. While a large body of knowledge has been produced regarding the biogenesis of these structures, little is known about how they are maintained. In this Review, we propose the existence of specific centrosome and cilia maintenance programs, which are regulated during development and homeostasis, and when deregulated can lead to disease.

Ciliary gene RPGRIP1L is required for hypothalamic arcuate neuron development

“…An important question is whether RPGRIP1L hypomorphism causes proliferative and/or cell fate specification changes in POMC-expressing progenitors or neurons that derive from them. RPGRIP1L, a component of the centrosome, and CUX1 are implicated in the control of the cell cycle (47,48), a cellular process coordinated with ciliary formation arising from the centrosome and ciliary disassembly (49). Nevertheless, it is not clear whether the primary cilium regulates cell division.…”

Centrosome loss results in an unstable genome and malignant prostate tumors

“…S4a, b). We selected these three lines for xenograft testing because elevated levels of MYC and ERG correlate with PCa progression [52,53]. CTN clones were genomically verified to be derived from PrEC using a STR profile.…”

Centrosomal and Non-centrosomal Functions Emerged through Eliminating Centrosomes

“…Centrosomes play various crucial roles in animal cells through their MTOC activity. During interphase, centrosomes regulate the microtubule network and govern cell motility (Werner et al, 2017). During mitosis, centrosomes function as the poles of the mitotic spindle to maintain spindle structure and spindle positioning for correct chromosome segregation (Conduit et al, 2015).…”