Maintaining Centralized Control in Community‐based Forestry: Policy Construction in the Philippines

Gauld, Richard M.

doi:10.1111/1467-7660.00153

Cited by 102 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…State monopolies over forest management in much of the developing world, generally using the methods of scientific forestry, were manifestly failing. They often lacked legitimacy and were frequently unable to provide the commodities and public goods promised by the advocates of scientific forestry (Gauld, 2000;Sundar, 2000). In the theoretical realm, the`tragedy of the commons' and`prisoner's dilemma' models of resource use that had dominated much postwar resource-management thinking were effectively challenged by a growing body of evidence and theory showing that common-property systems and other alternatives to centralized state control or privatization could be as or more effective in managing resources (Gauld, 2000;Ostrom, 1990;Poffenberger, 1996).…”

Section: Antecedentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devolution in the Woods: Community Forestry as Hybrid Neoliberalism

2005

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This paper explores the remarkable congruence between the proliferation of community forestry initiatives in North America in recent years and the ascendance of particular forms of neoliberalism. In it I argue that, in the United States in particular, such initiatives are best understood as hybrids between ‘rollout’ neoliberalism and contemporaneous trends in the management of protected areas and state-owned forests. This interpretation contributes to recent arguments that the environment has been understudied as an arena through which neoliberalism has been actively constituted, rather than simply a passive recipient of ‘impacts’. Moreover, surprisingly little academic work has explored the imbrications of specific changes in environmental governance and evolving neoliberalism in the latter's ‘First World’ geographic hearths, such as the USA and the United Kingdom. In this paper I undertake such an investigation with respect to community forestry in the United States. The paper traces the major antecedents, introduction, and institutionalizations of community forestry in the United States, and shows how their conceptualizations and enactments of ‘community’ are structured by hegemonic neoliberal ideas, making community forestry in this context supplementary, rather than oppositional, to neoliberal restructurings. Exploration of the current Bush administration's enthusiastic adoption of central elements of community forestry bolsters this interpretation. Finally, the conclusion draws implications from this case for debates in political ecology.

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Section: Antecedentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Devolution in the Woods: Community Forestry as Hybrid Neoliberalism

2005

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“…11 Gauld (2000) considers this the result of the predominant reductionist understanding of 'community' among policy makers. Community is seen as homogeneous entity socially, economically and politically.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The code gives the municipal and provincial governments the authority to implement community forestry within their jurisdictions. In reality, however, DENR maintained control in various ways, such as by adjusting its relations with other stakeholders, revising its rhetoric or imposing excessive technical requirements on the local government (Gauld 2000;. The local governments also contributed to this problem because they lacked the capacity and resources to engage effectively in community forestry (Vitug 1996;Castro and Garcia 2002;Ignacio and Woell 2002).…”

Section: Community-based Forest Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Closer examination indicated that the devolution was often conditional, with DENR still retaining control (Gauld 2000;. The complexity of the issues faced by the POs requires the involvement of other government agencies besides DENR.…”

Section: Lack Of Partnershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DENR staff cannot help every PO to develop its own system, but they can encourage POs to tailor the current system's criteria and indicators framework to their local conditions and, more importantly, adopt a hands-off policy with regards to the collected data. Gauld (2000) asserts that DENR's strong emphasis on the technical and productivity aspects of forestry indicates that the transition from a topdown to a bottom-up approach is not complete. The POs in both sites found it difficult to meet the agency's technical requirements without external assistance.…”

Section: Lack Of Conscious Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Adaptive collaborative management of community forests in Asia: experiences from Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines

Fisher¹,

Prabhu²,

McDougall³

2007

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Distribution, ecology, and threats assessment of 11 endemic frankincense tree taxa (Boswellia) in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen)

Maděra,

Vahalík,

Hamdiah

et al. 2024

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementConserving frankincense trees (Boswellia) is crucial for both ecological and socio‐economic reasons. Surveying these trees in the field and using remote sensing unmanned aerial vehicles in the Socotra Archipelago, we found that Socotran frankincense trees are threatened by forest fragmentation, overgrazing, and increasingly frequent extreme climate events. A better understanding of the distribution and the threats of these important insular species will improve the conservation policy of the local authorities and benefit local communities in the Socotra Archipelago. At the same time, this work serves as a good practice example to guide conservation efforts for other culturally important threatened tree species around the world, therefore helping to sustain local livelihoods, fostering ecological resilience, and supporting socio‐economic stability.Summary Globally, frankincense trees (Burseraceae: Boswellia) are increasingly under threat because of habitat deterioration, climate impacts, and the olibanum trade. Despite harboring nearly half of the species in the genus, up‐to‐date insights are lacking for the insular endemic frankincense trees of the Socotra Archipelago UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Site (Yemen). We combined georeferencing of individual trees in the field with remote sensing applying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to evaluate Boswellia distribution and (sub)population sizes in the entire Socotra Archipelago. We counted 17,253 trees across all 11 taxa and we surveyed almost 55% directly in the field, collecting individual information on threats and health indicators. We estimate that the current total population sizes of the relatively common Socotran Boswellia taxa (Boswellia elongata, Boswellia popoviana, and Boswellia ameero) consist of a few thousand mature individuals with fragmented distribution of which a large proportion occurs in highly disjunct relictual stands, while the more range‐restricted species survive only through a few hundred (Boswellia nana and Boswellia samhaensis) to fewer than a hundred trees (Boswellia scopulorum). Our field data show that the Socotran frankincense trees are threatened by fragmentation and overgrazing resulting in a lack of natural regeneration, in combination with effects of extreme climate events (e.g., higher frequency and intensity of cyclones and prolonged drought) and potential future infrastructure developments; the species are less impacted by resin collection. We provide recommendations to strategize urgent protection of the declining Socotran frankincense trees, and we update their conservation status, resulting in an endangered status for seven and a critically endangered status for four taxa.

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Maintaining Centralized Control in Community‐based Forestry: Policy Construction in the Philippines

Cited by 102 publications

References 28 publications

Devolution in the Woods: Community Forestry as Hybrid Neoliberalism

Devolution in the Woods: Community Forestry as Hybrid Neoliberalism

Adaptive collaborative management of community forests in Asia: experiences from Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines

Distribution, ecology, and threats assessment of 11 endemic frankincense tree taxa (Boswellia) in the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen)

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